Revised Mid Term

It is the world's most popular energy drink brand. The beverage was inspired by Mateschltz's trip to Thailand where he discovered a local drink by the name Kratlng Daeng, and he decided to team with the Thal brand and distribute his version of the beverage In Europe, believing that It would sell and become a successful brand.Mateschitz, an innovative marketing specialist, believes in the idea of always having un, and this translates into all of the company's marketing moves, such as hosting their one-of-a-kind annual air races and advertising Red Bull through humorous, memorable adult cartoons on television. He is also able to create a fun, vibrant culture for Red Bull employees, mostly comprised of young, like-minded individuals who Just graduated from undergraduate college.The company instills the notion of fun in all business activities, from flying out potential employees to Detroit for work raining to installing slides in their headquarters to make sure that employees get to the ir meetings In time and In style. Red Bull's strategy In entering the market Is to use word-of-mouth and consumers' recommendations.Rather than opting Immediately to have the brand sold In large supermarkets and retail chains, the company selected specific clubs, bars and stores to Introduce the drink, allowing the trendy, influential group of people to be the first ones to sample the product, and oping that they would endorse the drink and tell everyone else in their network about Red Bull.The exclusiveness of the product intrigued general consumers and as a result they began trying Red Bull drink. Currently the company is continuing to grow in their sales and solidify their brand as the number one energy drink in the world. However, other companies have emerged and entered the energy drink market with their own unique products, and as a result the gap between.

Hobbes and Locke: Social Contract Essay

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke held contrasting theories on how government should limit the rights of men, which they referred to as the social contract. Thomas Hobbes’ theory of the social contract is that a government should have complete discretion over the limitations of men’s rights, while Locke’s theory is that a social contract is necessary, but the rights limited should be solely for the protection of property. Thomas Hobbes’ theory of the social contract is that men should give up all of their rights to an absolute government for the protection of their lives. He writes in Chapter 14 of Leviathan that â€Å"man [should] be willing †¦ for peace and defence of himself †¦ to lay down this right to all things †¦. â€Å" (Hobbes 161). He concludes by describing the motive for man handing over rights as being for his security (Hobbes 162). John Locke’s theory is that the social contract should limit the rights of man only to protect his property. In Chapter 9 Locke describes his theory that man joins the social contract â€Å"only with an intention †¦ to preserve †¦ [his] property† (Locke 171). Locke contrasts with Hobbes where he writes in Chapter 7 of Of Civil Government that anyone that thinks that absolute government improves men should read the history of any age to be convinced otherwise (Locke 170). What role the social contract should have in the lives of men is subjective. Thomas Hobbes’ theory on the social contract holds that an absolute government is needed for the protection of men’s lives, while John Locke’s theory focuses on a limited government solely for the protection of men’s property. Works Cited Thomas Hobbes; â€Å"Leviathan†; The Arts 1000 Reader; Pearson 2007; pp 159-163 John Locke; â€Å"Of Civil Government†; The Arts 1000 Reader; Pearson 2007; pp 167-173.

DDoS Attack

A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is one in which a multitude of compromised systems attack a single target, thereby causing denial of service for users of the targeted system. The flood of incoming messages to the target system essentially forces it to shut down, thereby denying service to the system to legitimate users. In a typical DDoS attack, the assailant begins by exploiting a vulnerability in one computer system and making it the DDoS master. The attack master, also known as the botmaster, identifies and identifies and infects other vulnerable systems with alware.Eventually, the assailant Instructs the controlled machines to launch an attack against a specified target. There are two types of DDoS attacks: a network-centric attack which overloads a service by using up bandwidth and an application-layer attack which overloads a service or database with application calls. The Inundation of packets to the target causes a denial of service. While the media tends to foc us on the target of a DDoS attack as the vlctlm, In reality there are many vlctlms In a DDoS attack the final arget and as well the systems controlled by the intruder.Although the owners of co- opted computers are typically unaware that their computers have been compromised, they are nevertheless likely to suffer a degradation of service and not work well. A computer under the control of an intruder is known as a zombie or bot. A group of co-opted computers is known as a botnet or a zombie army. Both Kaspersky Labs and Symantec have identified botnets not spam, viruses, or worms as the biggest threat to Internet security

Movie Mississippi Burning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movie Mississippi Burning - Essay Example One agent-Ward-is young but has risen in the hierarchy by rigidly following protocol. The other-Anderson-is a former small town Mississippi sheriff who joined the FBI late in life. This movie is not factual but is instead a story suggested by the facts ("Mississippi Burning": The Movie, 1988). The movie shows the FBI as ultimately using the illegal vigilante terror tactics of the Ku Klux Klan against the Klan itself. Also, in the movie, the FBI was given all the credit for carrying the civil rights banner, with no credit acknowledged for Dr. Martin Luther King's moral policy of non-violence and the organized coalitions of blacks and whites under his banner. One reviewer noted that The campaign to find the missing workers was directed by J. Edgar Hoover, and it was known that he despised blacks. In fact, he was more involved in an effort to prove that Dr. King was a communist. The movie offered stereotypical portraits of black citizens and white terrorists, and the FBI agents ultimately used the same tactics as the Klan to solve the crime, with one death as the result. Any act committed within the jurisdiction of the United States that is dangerous to human life and becomes a violation of the criminal laws of a state or of the United States is considered domestic terrorism (U.S. Code, 2006). It therefore can be said that the tactics used by both sides constituted domestic terrorism. Confederacy in the South continued to be rampant in 1964, even though the Civil War had ended 100 years earlier, and many southerners still refused to accept efforts to unite the country. Mississippians, and especially small town Mississippians, were convinced that blacks had no rights and anyone involved with them was a "nigger lover" or a communist. Douglas Linder's detailed account of the "Mississippi Burning" trial-U.S. vs. Cecil Price et al-held in 1967 (2007) shows a photograph of defendants Sheriff Cecil Price and Sheriff Lawrence Rainey smirking and chewing tobacco that immediately brings to mind "southern red necks," and makes it easy to accept the Ku Klux Klan stereotype of ignorant racists. In Mississippi in 1964, there was no federal police force, and protection was the responsibility of the local police. When three civil rights workers__two white and one black-disappeared in east central Mississippi in June 1964, the Mississippi Highway Safety Patrol and the FBI were no tified, and a search took place (Linder, 2002). It was discovered that the three men had been stopped by the local police and taken to jail. The following day, they were released, but they were not seen again. When the federal agents, who had been called in to the situation, were unable to find the young men after 24 hours, a full kidnap investigation was initiated by the Justice Department under the "Lindbergh Law." The younger agent, Ward, called in many workers to help find the boys. While the movie showed the Ku Klux Klan as responsible for the deaths of the three students, in actuality it could be said , according to Linder, "In spirit, everyone belonged to the Klan" (2002, p. 6). With the help of one

Waffa Hassan Web Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Waffa Hassan Web Report - Essay Example d) Increased world transformation into E-learning courses from manual as new method of educating the society. e) Disadvantages of existing online training courses. Most existing online training courses are expensive. Their content is complex and time consuming. f) Risk assessment indicated that project failure has less impact and estimated annual cost will be below ?20 and around 200 hours. 3.0 Project Analysis â€Å"I project† has an established aim and objective as part of the road map to success. 3.1 Aim To present e-commerce web content in an effective and professional way that will demonstrate competence and professionalism. Produce content that is simple, intuitive and interesting to clients. 3.2 Objectives The â€Å"I project† objectives are the key guidelines and tools for success. They include: a) To combine web design and e-commerce techniques to develop attractive website. b) To integrate interactive visitor comments on the website c) To link the website with major social networking and gain reputation d) To attract and maintain web visitors e) To keep the website up to date f) To provide support using the WIX facilities g) To gain user trust by presenting correct, simple and time saving content h) To create a blog to listen and respond to the needs of the clients 3.3 Content The website content will focus on effective salesmanship through social networking. The content is based on online networking tools to increase communication. The content will be in English. Among the critical articles is the basic social networking article that illustrates to the user on how to use social networks like Facebook and Twitter to answer - what is the most important part of social... The website content will focus on effective salesmanship through social networking. The content is based on online networking tools to increase communication. The content will be in English. Among the critical articles is the basic social networking article that illustrates to the user on how to use social networks like Facebook and Twitter to answer - what is the most important part of social networking? (Harman   2012).   The website contains a guide on how SMEs can check their website for SEO quality and make improvements through the Daily SEO blog (Dover 2008).   It also demonstrating the importance and risks involved when employing these SEO techniques is critical. It provides a guide to developers as Do’s and Don’ts of SEO are sometimes hard to figure (Mitz 2012).  Ã‚   The SEO cheat sheet by Dover also provides guiding on what to avoid and what to employ when optimizing the websites (Dover 2008).   3.4 Industry Analysis  Website that provides online t raining courses are many, but to find one that provides simple and cheap course ware is rear. Majority of existing website use detailed videos and deal with a large scope of fields including history and sciences. The project’s approach is to concentrate on the provision of simple and cheap online training about effective social networking. With my past experience gained from enthusiastic career research and learning as a Business Information Technology at the Salford University, I seek to develop and maintain reputable professional and career record.

ECMT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECMT - Assignment Example From table 1 we find that the computed t-statistic is 0.275, and the p-value is 0.78. Recall that the critical t-value at the 5% level is 1.96. Therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, we fail to reject that the coefficient of D2 is statistically significantly not different from zero. Yes, there is evidence to support that inclusion of central air conditioning leads to higher prices. This is evident from the fact that the estimated coefficient on the variable â€Å"central air† is positive and significant. The dummy variables for coastal proximity are D1 and D2. If the coefficients of these turn out to be significantly different from zero, we can conclude that coastal proximity does indeed lead to differences in prices. We have already tested for significance of the coefficient on D2 in part (e). Using the same methodology of a t-test of = 0 against the alternative of 0, we find that the calculated t-value is 1.714 which is significant only at the 10% level but not at the 5% level (p-value = 0.09). Thus we conclude the coefficient is statistically insignificant as well at the 5% level. Thus, since neither coefficient turns out to be significant, we conclude that we do not have any evidence to suggest that proximity to coast makes any differences to the prices with 95% or higher

Cross-Cultural Management of Australia and China Essay

Cross-Cultural Management of Australia and China - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the Australian company should familiarise itself with these cultural values in order to foster success in China as a new target market. An Australian automobile firm -Holden invest- is considering China as a new market for its products. In order to increase its chances of success, it is imperative to do a cross-cultural analysis of these two countries. This will enable managers and stakeholders from Holden to first understand themselves and their own cultural perspectives. Thereafter, they may also understand the values of the Chinese partners that they plan to do business with. China is now Australia’s largest trading partner; this indicates that the automobile firm under consideration could draw a lot of lessons from other Australian’s experiences in China. Primary languages spoken in both countries are radically different since most Chinese speakers use Mandarin while Australians speak English. A number of Chinese residents have learned th e English language; however, translation difficulties may arise due to colloquialisms in Australia. In China, Confucianism dominates religious thought and has political connotations. This explains why religious tolerance may not be firmly adhered to. On the other hand, Australians are predominantly Christian but resolutely believe in the separation of religion from politics. Many individuals consider Chinese people as rule-followers who fear breakage of rules. This stems from their fear of authority as well as the severe repercussions they might face if they do not abide by them. Conversely, Australians are rule makers and usually speak openly about their discontentment about certain issues.

Assign_1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assign_1 - Essay Example This development was followed by commercial motives that were aligned to take the internet to a commercial scale. Cerf played an instrumental role in making the internet popular and helped define it in its current state. TCP/IP forms a part of the internet protocol suite that is the widely used communication protocol over the internet. The complete protocol tends to provide end to end connectivity between devices communicating through the internet. The protocol also specifies how data is formatted, transmitted, received, addressed and routed between the sender and the destination. The internet protocol version four (IPv4) was the first most widely deployed internet protocol. Even now, the most widely deployed internet protocol is the IPv4. The IPv4 uses the 32 bit (4 byte) address scheme that limits the total address space to around 4.3 billion users (2^32). This limit was exceeded in February 2011 but this exhaustion had been envisioned for some time already. Development on the IPv6 protocol had been underway in the nineties. The IPv6 protocol was deployed in 2006 on a commercial basis and tends to use 128 bit addresses to produce 3.4 x 1038 addresses for users and devices. Given the expansion in i nternet services and internet dependent devices it was necessary to expand the total number of addresses to accommodate an ever-increasing user base. In the video Cerf goes ahead to say that he would like to see an incorporation of authenticity layers to augment the validity of online users. Currently it is common for internet users to use the internet without much need for authentication. Using this advantage users can surf the internet anonymously and there have been cases of abuse over the internet. Cerf also goes ahead to say that anonymous surfing may actually be necessary in order to protect the identities of people using the internet in states where censorship laws are repressive. This issue is open to debate but Cerf’s point of view is clear that he

The Veil and Muslim Womens Behavior Research Paper

The Veil and Muslim Womens Behavior - Research Paper Example The way Muslim women dress is strongly influenced by religious rules. The fundamental principle can be found in the Quran, which prescribes dress requirements for both men and women. This is important because the Islamic text functions as the code of ethics of Islamic societies and that it, certainly, is the basis of the norms by which Muslims live by. Therefore, while the text merely advises, they were closely followed across the Islamic world. Sura 24, 31-32, specifically prescribes the use of adornments for women. To quote:They shall not reveal any parts of their bodies, except that which necessary. They shall cover their chests, and shall not relax this code in the presence of their husbands, their fathers, the fathers of their husbands, their sons, their brothers, the sons of their brothers, other women, the male servants or employees whose sexual drive has been nullified, or the children who have not reached puberty (Sura 24:31).The above text has different interpretations from different Islamic communities. However, it set the standards by which women dress themselves by explicitly stating the rationale behind the rule. This is the reason why women in Muslim countries wore the veil. This piece of clothing depicts all that this paper is interested about. Its usage is typified by several cultural connotations that is why it influences the way women behave and act.The veil or hijab is the answer to the requirement of covering women’s body up to an acceptable degree.... This piece of clothing depicts all that this paper is interested about. Its usage is typified by several cultural connotations that is why it influences the way women behave and act. The Veil The veil or hijab is the answer to the requirement of covering women’s body up to an acceptable degree. This latter element to the rule gave Sura 24: 31 slightly different interpretations across the Muslim world, which resulted to the variations in how the veil is worn. But the fact remains that the veil became a cultural tool to depict and enforce what is considered ideal behavior in women. Numerous scholars have explained this theme and one may be sure that several interpretations were also posited. Gabriel cited some of the most important of these. He cited to important schools. The first is the Islamic perspective wherein women are being protected and supposedly â€Å"liberated† because the veil allows them to determine and be reminded of the importance of certain ideal behavio r such as piety, honor, modesty and the concept of guarding morality (4). This is the ideal principle as espoused by the core Islamic belief system on women. Many Islamic women choose to wear the veil on their own accord. In a survey, for example, it was found that 9 out of 10 women in all age groups in Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia and Pakistan approved of the Islamic dress code norm (Hassan 191). The other school explains that the veil became a tool for Islamic communities to isolate women and restrict them from participating in the public sphere. Both of these schools have valid arguments, but what is significant is the way they both highlight how the veil can impact behavior through the sheer symbolisms and norms it represents. Taking the view of the Islamic scholars, the veil

Coronary Artery Disease - Pathophysiology and Management Research Paper

Coronary Artery Disease - Pathophysiology and Management - Research Paper Example Plague is a component of fat, cholesterol and other substances of the blood. Plague is slowly built up over several years forming a condition known as atherosclerosis (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). After a long period of building up, plague hardens and narrows coronary artery leading to limits of flow of oxygenated blood to the heart. As the plague hardens, it eventually ruptures, causing a blood clot, a situation that can lead to blockage of blood flow through the coronary artery. If the flow of oxygenated blood is reduced or blocked, a heart attack occurs (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). The beginning of symptomatic CAD is normally about ten years in men, but CAD cases in women are more prevalent especially to women who have reached menopause. However, it is believed that CAD cases tend to cumulate in families (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). Studies have indicated that history of CAD risks in families with CAD cases is common. Although some people can argue that CAD is a hereditary disease, some factors like other health complications such as hypertension, high blood pressure and obesity facilitates risks of CAD. All these are widely associated with living styles. There are precautions that physicians give to patients suffering from CAD. Unfortunately, many people suffering from CAD fail to take these precautions seriously (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). For example, the habit of smoking has become so rampant with over twenty five percent of people with over eighteen years smoking cigarette. Smoking is said to multiply the effects of other CAD factors. It is estimated to cause twenty percent of CAD deaths. The theory of aetherorosclerosis states that the process symbolizes an effort to heal in response to endothelial injury (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). During this process, the first step involves development of fatty streaks. These streaks tend to form between endothelium and internal elastic lamina. In the recent past, inflammation is becoming a component of atheroscler osis genesis and plague instability. Patients with CAD are at danger of risk factors known as metabolic syndrome (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). CAD is known for its persistent burden to many people all over the world. However, its risks can be managed if efficacy of lipid- lowering models is followed. The first lipid- lowering therapy focuses on therapeutic lifestyle changes (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). This includes dietary changes, constant physical activities, avoiding risky practices like smoking and alcohol drinking, and undertaking recommended wait lose. However, there are pharmacologic agents that help adjust lipid levels although, therapeutic lifestyle is preferred to them (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). Patients with CAD are carefully examined. The examination includes description of the pain, its location and severity (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). Diagnosis of CAD involves detailed patients history and electrocardiogram. After the initial diagnosis, laboratory tests follow. Angi na is the commonest symptom although some patients remain asymptomatic. Some of the notable symptoms include chest pain, sweating, and yellowish tumors at either lower or upper lids. One of the major causes of CAD is stress (Cohen & Hasselbring, 2007). In this regard, nursing care plan involves helping the patient to realize the cause of the disease and how best they can refrain from it. Since stress is prevalence to most CAD patients, one of

International trade Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

International trade - Assignment Example In 1984, both in foreign exchange and Turkish currency, gold market was established. Greater restructuring of the gold sector took place in the nineties when impediments in the way of imports/exports were removed by means of new and better decision making. Milestone was achieved when the Istanbul Gold Exchange was established in 1995 to organize gold trading (Istanbul Minerals and Metals Exporters’ Associations 2011). Canada and Turkey are very good trading partners. For the year 2012, Canadian total exports to Turkey totaled 512,204 thousand Canadian dollars. The major item exported was Iron. Other commonly traded export items from Canada to Turkey include coal, oil and petroleum, newsprint, nickel, aluminum and motors and engines (Industry Canada 2011). The imports from Turkey were up to 884,779 thousand Canadian dollars. In top 25 items imported, gold occupies the first position with 143,839 thousand Canadian dollars. Other product groups commonly traded between Turkey and Canada under imports constitute trucks, Iron and its alloys, dry nuts, cruise ships and angles, bars and rods of steel (Industry Canada 2011). According to figures and statistics from government bodies (Library of Parliament 2011), Turkey is Canada’s 3rd largest export nation (when talking of Middle East) and the 24th largest across the globe. In terms of imports, Turkey stands at 4th position in providing items to Canada. Since 2001 and till 2008, value of Turkey receiving Canadian exports has skyrocketed at a pace of 33% annually. In terms of investment and services, Canadian imports from Turkey for 2009 were to the tune of $111.0 million and basically comprised of travel services. The exports ran to $174.0 million and included services like government, transportation, travel and commercial. Demography: As per 2010 figures and facts, population of Turkey is 72.5 million with

The existence of God Essay Example for Free

The existence of God Essay One of life’s unanswered questions is about the existence of God. There has been an endless search for evidence of his life and handiwork. The dawn of the universe for instance, has been subjected to many theories like the big bang theory and the divine theory but no matter what people believe in one thing is for sure; there has been and always will be a search as evidenced by the following: One question which inevitably comes up in a discussion of this nature is what the origin of God is? If God created matter/energy and designed the systems that have propelled matter into its present arrangement, who or what accomplished that for God? Why is it any more reasonable to believe that God has always been than it is to say that matter has always been? As Carl Sagan has said, â€Å"If we say that God has always been, why not save a step and conclude that the universe has always been? (Sagan cited in Clayton 2008). Throughout the ages, mankind has always been in search of a being far greater that himself. Some of the ways in which this search is manifested is through different religions, through science and through nature. Man has always been craving to identify himself with a greater being to which he deeply wants to have a connection with. This paper aims to let those people know that they are not alone in their venture and that no matter what happens man will always find a way to bond with their origin. Man can do things or go to high or peaceful places to try and feel the security of being closer to God or any great being for that matter. Some people give so much respect to nature because they feel that it is an extension or an outward manifestation of the evidence of that God or greater being that they hold on to so much. Some people like to discover the mystery of astronomy and the universe is because of the experience of tranquility and serenity. Four hundred years ago, Galileo looked at the heavens through a telescope and saw things no one had ever seen before. Our new star show uses the amazing Zeiss Universarium star projector to reveal the beauty and wonder of the night sky. Most of us still see the sky today as our ancestors did with our unaided eyes. From Earth, its hard to understand why the sky looks and behaves the way it does. But Galileos historic observations, and the era of modern science they ignited, changed all that. From Los Angeles today, well take you back to Padua, Italy in 1609, so you can experience for yourself how the telescope changed everything (griffithobs. org 2009). There is such a place with an observatory and hotel which is built exactly for reconnection with people, with nature and with God. This place exists to meet not only the daily accommodation needs of the people but more importantly to aid in mankind’s continuous mission to find a way to be one step closer to that greater being be it God or not. Truly, the wonders and mysteries of the whole universe will forever be locked in Pandora ’s Box with man always guessing the whole of its contents armed with a little bit of knowledge and a whole lot of faith. Why such little knowledge despite the modernized technology? It is because no matter how advanced science the world of today has, no one has ever fully explored the ends of the universe nor anybody can prove or disprove the existence of God. Whether he is a figment of one’s imagination or he is an ever-faithful, omnipresent, omnipotent and omnicient God who is watching over the earth will forever be mystery of the mind and of substantial evidence but not of the heart and soul. As Albert Einstein once said â€Å"There are two ways to live your life, one is as though nothing is a miracle, the other is as though everything is a miracle† . References Clayton. J. N. , (2008). Who Created God?. Does God Exist. Retrieved 04 / 01/09 from www. doesgodexist. org/Pamphlets/WhoCreatedGod. html www. griffithobs. org/ 2009

Setting Up a Joint Venture in China

Setting Up a Joint Venture in China FDI into China: Brief history Before 1980, under the presidency of Mao Tse Tong, China was a country completely closed to the world with a rigid and communist government. After that date, Deng Xiao Peng and the post-Mao government established a new foreign economic policy and announced that China would open to the outside world (Pearson, 1991). This new open-door policy only allowed contractual JVs (as lower risks) and China provided foreign investors with a specific partner. In the first years of the countrys opening, only  ¼ of contractual FDI where realized as investors were uncertain of this completely new environment. Moreover, many FDI were fraudulent (Fung, 2002). From 1992, FDI doubled and China started to welcome western multinational enterprises in specific sectors: automobile, petrochemical, telecommunicationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but only in selected zones of the country (SEZs: Special Economic Zones). China has quickly become the fastest growing economy and possesses 25% of the worlds population. FDI to China represents more than $80 billion in 2007 which shows that a decline in the economy is almost impossible ($130 billion in 2009) in comparison, FDI to India represent $3 billion per year (Lau, 2007). China: the best place to invest? However, despite the many attractive sides of China as a FDI destination, many western companies have faced failure when doing business in China. Indeed, in the case of JVs, the government provides a Chinese partner to the foreign investors that can face many different roadblocks: unfamiliarity with the business environment, corruptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Yallapragada, 2003). In front of the rapid and unique economic development of China, some investors have rushed into investing in this promising country that seemed to offer so many advantages, ignoring some essential facts, (that will be developed later in the study) critical for the success of an investment. Since 1990, broad researches have been conducted concerning FDI and more particularly JVs in China and there is a good understanding of FDI mode decisions, the behavior to adopt to lead to a JV, inter partner concernsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ More research needs to be done concerning the factors that lead to success or failure of JVs Dissertation background The main reason behind the topic selection is that it is an area of interest to the author who can research what makes companies chose China as an FDI destination but more specifically what should be looked at to avoid the multiple failures that foreign companies have faced by developing a JV with a Chinese partner. The author aims at giving a more definitive picture of the Chinese FDI environment and that behind the image of China as a very attractive place for FDI, there are complex laws, regulations and a multitude of other factors that are not necessarily looked at by foreign investors and cause failure. Another reason is that this topic covers issues which are very relevant in todays business environment. It is a topic of interest for many business people and more and more academics around the world due to its unique development: 9% growth of the GDP per year since 1978 and 15% growth of the foreign trade per year (Lau, 2007). There is a belief that China could become the worlds largest economy in 25 years. Aims and objectives The overall aim of the dissertation is to study and critically analyse the foreign direct investment (FDI) environment of China by focusing on market-seeking joint-ventures (JVs) in a specific industry: food and beverage (soft). This study will be carried out using and appraising current academic literature and theories on JVs forming in China. Both secondary and primary research will be used. This critical study will be carried by tempting to achieve the following objectives: Identify the motives and determinants of FDI, focusing on market-seeking joint-ventures (JV) in China Identify the environmental regulations that facilitate or slow JVs down in China Identify the barriers to JVs in China and the main causes of failure Identify the key success factors (KSF) of western companies forming JVs with a Chinese partner and how barriers can be overcome The main focus will be on Western companies, especially French firms in the food and beverage industry. Structure of dissertation The study will be divided in 7 chapters: Chapter 1 is an introduction to the dissertation, explaining the background of the topic, the aims and objectives Chapter 2 is a review of the existing literature: journals, newspaper articles, books and Internet-based sources giving more insight into the topic of setting up an  IJV in China Chapter 3 explains the methodology that has been adopted to research and write the dissertation, including secondary and primary research methods Chapter 4 provides with findings and analysis trying to answer the aims and objectives of the dissertation Chapter 5 is a discussion of the findings Chapter 6 concludes the study and gives some recommendations. The author will in this part develop a model for successful IJV setting up in China Chapter 7 is a reflection on learning Chapter 2: Literature Review The following literature review is based on existing sources coming from a hybrid of academic books, journals, newspapers and credible Internet-based sources. This literature review will allow giving more insight into the topic and will also allow identifying any gaps in the existing literature to be covered in further primary research. The literature review will provide the author with a stronger base on which to develop a theory at the end of the dissertation. 2.1 Chinese investment environment 2.1.1 China, the fastest-growing economy The Chinese investment environment has been widely reported in the literature. Most of the authors agree that the Chinese government has made great achievements in terms of FDI since 1980. Lau Bruton (2007) describe China as the fastest-growing economy which can be explained by greater economic liberalization and easier repartition of profit by foreign investors. Fung (2002) explains that the promotion of FDI by the Chinese government has been an important part of the economic reforms since the open-door policy and made China the most important destination for FDI. The authors explain how China has gradually evolved in terms of FDI policy: Stage 1: Gradual and limited opening Stage 2: Active promoting through preferential treatment Stage 3: Promoting FDI in accordance with domestic industrial objectives Ng Tuan (2002), describe China as a FDI-friendly environment that possesses very attractive environmental factors such as the size of the Chinese market, its potential to growà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Argawal Wu (2003) describe China as a key player in the global economy and that its high economic growth has transformed China into one of the worlds largest economy. The transition from a command economy to a market-based economy has been incredibly and remarkably successful. Another factor that made China even more successful in terms of FDI is its entry to the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Fung (2002), Ng Tuan (2002), Yin (2009), Hoa (2010) and many other authors agree to say that China has had many difficulties to become a member of the WTO. After 15 years of high improvements, by reforming its economy and trade to be more market-oriented, by reducing tariffs and non-tariffs barriersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦China finally accessed the WTO in 2001. This accession gave remarkable benefits to China, who was promoted by the organization as a central stage in international trade. The Chinese battle to enter the WTO is described as an example that other nations (eg Russia), could learn from in order to access this organization. 2.1.2 Problems More and more authors in the literature insist on the difficulties to enter China. Being the fastest-growing economy does not mean that any MNE can enter the market easily and without any risk of failure. In front of all the attractive sides of the Chinese investment environment, and after its accession to the WTO that gave trust to foreign investors, many western MNEs (eg: Pepsi) have rushed into entering China and have faced insurmountable problems such as corruption, absence of trust and transparencyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Yallapragada, 2003). Zhang Fu (2008) describe China as a stringent environment that can have a negative impact on FDI. They remind us that even if China is the first recipient of FDI, there is a high disparity in geographical distribution. It is important to determine which region the foreign company is to invest. Indeed, the remarkable economic development of China has developed major problems such as extreme pollution. Because of the environment deterioration caused by FDI in certain regions, the government has put in place very strict laws that foreign investors are not necessarily aware of before setting up their business in China. While many countries in the world are facing an economic downturn, Chinas economy is still expecting to grow by 11% in 2010. However, Tse (2010) explains that despite this fact, the Chinese market is really tough. He explains how the recent clash of Google and the Chinese government; the vulnerability of property rights; the remaining restrictions on foreign ownershipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are good reasons that CEOs should take into account before deciding if entering China is a risk worth taking. The authors explain that the decision to physically enter China must be taken really carefully; a lot of research must be followed and more importantly companies must be ready to compromise and comply with Chinese laws. 2.2 Joint-ventures in China 2.2.1 Definition of a JV There is no legal definition of a JV in the literature. A JV is commonly defined as a partnership between two or more companies who create a legal entity to undertake economic activities. In this dissertation, the author focuses on international JV that necessarily includes two or more parties from different countries. Hollensen (2007) defines a JV as an equity partnership typically between two partners. It involves two parents creating a child acting in the market (Hollensen: 339). Figure 2: Equity Non-equity JVs by Hollensen (2007) A non-equity JV is defined by Hollensen as a strategic alliance between partners who do not commit equity or invest into the alliance. It is also called Contractual JV and does not involve the creation of a third entity. This form of JV will not be taken into account in this dissertation. Fung (2002) mentions that CJV were the vehicle of choice in the early opening of the Chinese market as it lowers the risks for the foreign partners. An EJV is a third entity formed by firm A and B. Both firms contribute equity to firm C. This form of JV allows international marketers to access complementary skills and resources, share risks and costs (Clarke Wilson, 2009). According to Hollensen (2007), the JV can be: resource-seeking and based on upstream collaboration (RD and production) market-seeking and based on downstream collaboration (marketing, distribution, sales, service) Both upstream and downstream-based collaboration 2.2.2 JVs in China It is widely reported in the literature that JV has been, from the opening of the Chinese market, a vehicle of choice. Yallapragada et al (2003) define JV in China as a sort of arranged marriage as the government provides a Chinese partner to the foreign investor. The authors mention that most of the JV failed and sustained huge losses or just abandoned the project because of the lack of understanding of the Chinese partner. EJV became increasingly important from 1987, representing more than 60% of all FDI. This tendency is now decreasing as the government encourages FDI in the form of wholly foreign-owned enterprises (Fung, 2002). The literature insists on the cultural differences leading to failure when forming a JV in China. However, there are many other factors to consider, the main important one being the law. The JV laws and regulation are different in China and in Western countries. Indeed, if we take the example of Europe, the regulations are different from a country to another: in France, a JV exists if a new juridical personality is created, has means and capital. In Anglo-Saxon law, a new created entity does not necessarily have juridical personality but is however considered a JV (ChinaOrbit.com). The country of origin of the foreign partner is an important determinant of success or failure of a Sino-foreign JV (Osborn Hagedoorn, 1997; Lin, 2004). Several case studies in the literature give example of the importance of country of origin as a determinant of IJV success in China. Those studies will be used as examples by the author to answer objectives 3 and 4 of the dissertation. The case studies include giants in the FB industry: Coca-Cola (Datamonitor, 2009; Mok, 2002), Pepsi-co (Yallapragada, 2003), Danone-Wahaha (Dickinson, 2009), Carrefour (Child, 2006). 2.3 Doing business with China 2.3.1 The cultural gap The unique culture of China is widely reported in the literature as being the main cause of failure for Sino-foreign JVs. It is really important to understand the Chinese culture before investing in China (Stark et al, 2005). Chinese business people are described as being extremely tough negotiators. Some authors in the literature think that negotiating is an art for Chinese business people (Pye, 1982; Lee Lo, 1988; Graham et al 1994). China has a really unique view of the world and if the foreign partner is ignorant of the other parties views of the world, it will create a major problem in the negotiation process (Stark, 2005). For example, Tuttle et al (2009) explain that business in China is more to serve the interest of the state rather than the owners of the business. Mc Kenna Sun (2007); Woo (1999); Herbig Martin (1998); Trombly (2006) and many other authors explain different aspect of Chinese negotiation such as the issues for women to participate in negotiations, the saving-face concept of China, the attitude to adopt when negotiating business (eg: building trust as a first step)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The authors are only describing the Chinese way of doing business. In the framework of this dissertation those information can be used as tips for foreign investors willing to invest in China. Katz (2006), founder of Leadership Crossroads has had a successful experience in productive cooperation across cultures. He has interacted in China with employees, customers, outsourcing partnersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Katz describes in his book the best ways to negotiate international business with China. His study is based on his experience but also on the work of Trompenaar (1997) who divided culture into seven dimensions (Appendix 1). Once again the author describes the unique Chinese culture and the best ways to approach it in a business environment. Using both authors theories together with Hofestede cultural differences, the author will consider wether western culture, especially French culture give the firms an advantage in dealing with the Chinese as many studies shows that cultural misunderstanding causes major problems in IJVs. 2.3.2 GUANXI In the literature, some authors insist on the Guanxi concept when establishing business relationship with China. Zhu Zhang (2007), define Guanxi as the need to establish a relationship either with someone or something (e.g a brand-name). Guanxi mainly is a relationship building and according to the authors, it takes into account several notions: Jianli ganqing: developing connection between people Jiao pengyou: making friends Yanxuing touzi xingwei: continual investment behaviour Chinese business leaders such as Mr. Chang and Mr. Cao, CEOs of telecommunications companies based in Zhengzhou and Xian indicate that the action word for developing Guanxi is Jianli meaning establishing the connection with people but not forcing it by dishonest means. For some Chinese business people, Guanxi is an essential element when doing business in China and is strongly related to the Confucian tradition and collectivist culture (Xin Pearce, 1996). However, other authors in the literature have reported that even if Guanxi has long been the best approach to successfully set up an IJV in China the effect of Guanxi are not only positive. Rahman (2008) explain the risks that exist when establishing a Sino-foreign IJV based on Guanxi (high performance, resource and trade-off risks). The author reminds that Guanxi is necessary when collaborating with a Chinese partner but not sufficient. When a Western company chooses a local Chinese partner according to the size of its Guanxi, it will be beneficial for the companys short term goal of market entry, but its long term goal of succeeding in the IJV will encounter problems. Gu et al (2008) define Guanxi as the durable social connections and networks a firm uses to exchange favors for organisational purposes. The authors draw the benefits and risks of Guanxi and show that Guanxi can be necessary but does not always matter. Even if personal networks are popular all over the world, the authors insist on the uniqueness of China who has distinct ways of operation. 2.4 Critical literature conclusion The literature widely mentions that JV in China fails because of the huge cultural differences between China and the western partner. However, there is a gap in the literature as there are many other aspects that can cause failure and that are not deeply taken into account in the literature: law, bureaucratic roadblocks, corruption, management controlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The literature tends to concentrate on Sino-American/ Japanese/ British JVs, there is a lack of information about Sino-French JV and the primary research of this dissertation will mainly aim at filling this gap by focusing on the food beverage sector which is not widely reported in the literature. Moreover, the literature describes that ignorance of the other parties culture, regulations, the non-establishment of Guanxià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are main causes of failure but fails to explain how a two-way dialogue can be established between Chinese and Western leaders to make the JV successful. The dissertation will also point-out what makes cross-cultural relationship successful as it is not clear in the literature. Chapter 3: Methodology 3.1 Data requirements To recap, the overall aim of the study is to acquire a better understanding of the Chinese business environment for a Western company to successfully set a JV up with a Chinese partner. After examining the literature review, the author has identified key research questions that will be answered in chapter 4 of the dissertation to meet the objectives stated in chapter 1: What makes a western MNE chose to deal with a Chinese partner to set up a JV in China? What factor is the most determinant: political, economic, demographic, labour (cost, productivity, education level), ease of access (market, suppliers) etc? What western investors should be aware of before setting up a JV in China in terms of legislation and regulation? Will the JV be private or state owned? What are the positive factors of setting up a JV in China (law, regulation, policies)? What are the negative factors that investors must be aware of to be best prepared? Why culture seem to be the main cause of JV failure? What western investors must know about the Chinese business culture? Does Guanxi always matter? How to overcome the cultural differences and set-up a two-way dialogue? What were the main causes of failure and KSF of Sino-French JVs? What contribution is put by each party in the JV? How each party value the JV? Is it more beneficial for the French firm to own more than the Chinese partner? To answer those questions, the author will analyse the existing academic literature, including articles and case studies that will be used to provide issues and/or solutions that exists in the food and beverage industry. Case studies such as PepsiCo, Coca-Cola, Carrefour, etc. will be analysed. To feel the gap in the literature, the author will also implement real world researches to have an in-depth understanding of the Chinese culture and also, to have a better understanding of Sino-French business relationships as it is not widely reported in the literature. By this mean, the author will be able to collect major primary data provided by experts that have experience in doing business with China. 3.2 Research Design 3.2.1 Review of the fundamental research methodologies 3.2.1.a: Exploratory, causal and descriptive research Wrenn et al (2007) states that there are three main categories of research design: exploratory, causal and descriptive, the can use both qualitative and quantitative methods. An exploratory research design is used to gain more insight and understanding into a topic. It is described by some authors as a detective work when the author as to look for clues to find out what happened or is currently taking place. It required the author to adopt a very flexible attitude to collecting information. Wrenn et al (2007: 34) state that an insatiable curiosity is a valuable trait for exploratory researchers. This type of research is needed when the author has an objective of depth interviews, one of the best ways to acquire desired insight, clarificationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Exploratory research is a type of qualitative research. A Causal research design is used when there is a need to determine whether two or more variables are causaly related and to what extent. When using causal research, the researcher manipulates the independent variable, measure the dependant variable and control other variables that could have an impact on the dependant variable. This type of research requires the use of quantitative research methods such as statistics (Chi-square analysis, correlation, regression testsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). A descriptive research design seeks to describe a phenomenon. It is used when the researcher has an objective of describing the characteristics of a specific group, estimate the percentage of the population that act, thinkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the same way, make specific predictions (Wrenn et al, 2007). Descriptive research is the most rigid research design and needs to be very structured. This type of research implicates that the author already have a major knowledge of the topic or research. Descriptive research uses quantitative research methods. 3.2.1.b Qualitative v. Quantitative Qualitative research is defined by Schimdt Hollensen (2006) as an investigation to help understanding and answering questions by collecting evidences. This type of research method allows conducting exploratory researches and requires the use of: Observations: observing and analysing behaviours in their usual contexts Focus groups: group discussion to collect effective data about a group of individuals having the same cultural norms In-Depth interviews: usually individual face-to-face interview to understand what is in a specific persons mind about a specific topic Qualitative research allows the researcher to collect open-ended data and develop themes from the data collected. Quantitative research can be both descriptive and causal. Aliaga Gunderson (2002: 1) define quantitative research as explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analysed using mathematically based methods (in particular statistics). Because quantitative research involves numbers, statistics it is seen as a more realist research method. Quantitative methods are good at looking at cause and effect relationships between two or more variables. The majority of researchers talk about paradigm war when it comes to differentiate qualitative and quantitative methods. They are seen as incompatible (Muijs, 2004). However, more and more commonly, researchers use mixed-method approach. It is a more pragmatic way to collect data, using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. In order for a mixed-method approach to be efficient, the researcher needs to consider all the relevant characteristics of both quantitative and qualitative methods. Table 1: Comparison of quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE MIXED METHOD General Framework Aim at confirming a hypothesis about a phenomenon Predetermined Rigid style of categorising responses to questions Structured methods  : questionnaires, structured observfations, surveys. Aim at exploring and understanding a phenomenon Emerging Flexible style of categorising responses to questions Semi-structured methods  : participant observation, depth interviews, focus groups Both exploring and confirming a phenomenon Both predetermined and emerging Both rigid and flexible Both structured and semi structured methods Objectives of type of research Descriptive: To describe and quantify a phenomenon Causal  : to predict causal relationships To describe the characteristics of a population Explanatory  : To explain a phenomenon Exploratory  : to describe and explain relationships To report individual experiences To both quantify and describe a phenomenon To both causal and exploratory To both describe a population and an individual Question type Closed-ended Open-ended Both closed and open-ended questions Format of data Numerical data (statistical, assigning values to responses)  : performance, attitude, observational and census data Textual data from interviewees,observations, case studies analysis, video/audio tapes Multiple form of data drawing on all possibilities  : Statistical and text analysis Flexibility of each methods The response of participants does not influence which question is to be asked next The design of the study remains stable Subject to statistical assumptions and conditions The response of participants influences which research question to ask next Some aspects of the study are flexible  : wording (addition or exclusion) of a particualar interview Data collection and research questions are adjusted according to what is learnt Can be both flexible and rigid Table 1 has been realised following two authors theories: Creswell (2003) and Bernard (1995). According to them, it is useful to first consider qualitative and quantitative possibilities for data collection before selecting one, to which the dissertations author has added mixed-method approach. 3.2.2 Choice of research method and justification Desk research has first been used to collect information that already exists in the literature. This information was both internal and external to organizations and help having an in-depth understanding of the subject. Primary research has then been used to fill the gap that secondary research cannot fill. Quantitative methods have not been used as the author wants to explore the topic in depth. According to Muijs (2004), quantitative methods fail when an in depth understanding is needed, when the author wants to really get under the skin of a problem. Moreover, quantitative methods require the author to define the variables to be studied whereas in the authors topic area, unexpected variables can emerge. The author chose to use qualitative research only. Indeed, the dissertation topic requires to specifically knowing what is going on in peoples mind, what are their views and opinion about doing business in China. More specifically, exploratory research has been used as the author needs to gain broad inside into the dissertation topic and achieve a better feeling when investigating. According to Schimdt Hollensen (2006), the most used qualitative research method is focus-group. However, the author chose to make use of individual depth interviews as current information is needed by directly asking questions to specific persons. Depth interviews allow the respondent to openly talk about his/her experience of doing business with a Chinese partner. Depth Interviews can be: Non-directive: the respondent is given freedom to answer by staying within the bounds of the topic Semi-structured: a specific list of topics is covered. The author is looking to establish the meaning of Sino-western/French business relationships from the views of experts. Indeed, in order to understand those relationships better as the literature fails to explain it in depth, the author seeks to listen to different individuals who have experience in the topic area and build an understanding based on their ideas. 3. 3 Research Approach Conclusion Recommendation Diagram 1 shows the plan followed by the author. In stage 1, the author research academic literature in accordance with the topic and develop research questions. Stage 2 is an in-depth analysis of the existing literature to help answering the research questions developed in stage 1. Stage 3 is what the author called real world analysis. This stage will allow the author to collect primary data to fill the gap of secondary research and bring a creative thinking input to the dissertation. Stage 4 consists of an analysis of the theoretical findings and real world findings. By combining both secondary and primary research, the author will be able to answer the research questions and to meet the dissertations objectives. Those findings will then be discussed and the author will conclude by providing western investor with recommendation by drawing a model including all the variables to take into account to successfully set a JV up in China. 3.4 Data collection methods and analysis As mentioned above, the author chose to use exploratory qualitative research only. In exploratory research, the main methods of data collection that is potentially suitable for collecting data are observations, focus groups and depth interviews. Observation is used to understand a phenomenon by observing it in its natural setting. The topic area does not belong to a phenomenon that can be observed by the author. Focus group involves a group of persons that discuss a subject under the direction of a moderator. The author is willing to distinguish individuals as opposed to groups and have the opinion of individuals. The author has selected in-depth interviews as the only method for data collection. As mentioned earlier, this method involves conducting intensive individual interviews with a small number of persons. The reason is that the author wants detailed information about doing business with a Chinese partner, the different stages in the JV forming, the advantages, difficultiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Acquiring detailed information about a specific persons opinion, behaviour, will allow the author to explore new issues in-depth. The sample is divided in two categories and includes: Individuals having experience in doing business with China: executives from French MNEs having formed IJVs in China, Juniors working in China for a French company. Chinese business people. The author has divided the s

Diversity Incident Analysis :: essays research papers

Diversity Incident Analysis For this assignment, I chose to analyze the diversity incident that is related to multiculturalism. It’s the first case scenario in the exercises section of chapter 9. The case is related to a Mexican immigrant that has been using his available sick days to take his wife to the doctor, even though she is not ill; they are only going for regularly scheduled physical exams. This case involves multiculturalism, and it shows us how, by employing immigrant workers, an organization can start having all kinds of problems when the right policies and procedures regarding diversity and multicultural environments are not in place. â€Å"One of the difficulties of accommodating multiculturalism is that defining a multicultural society or institution seems to be determined by one's perspective. A commonly held view suggests that being multicultural involves tolerance towards racial and ethnic minorities, mainly in the areas of dress, language, food, religious beliefs, and other cultural manifestations.† Most organizations nowadays have to deal with multiculturalism in one way or another. The globalization phenomenon has reached most of the civilized world, and organizations that don’t understand or don’t realize multicultural workforces are the way of the future are going to be displaced and left behind. This case in particular involves a person using his sick days to take his wife to the doctor, even for just a scheduled check-up. Although company policy states that sick days may only be used for the illness of an employee or the illness of a member of his/her immediate family, this is a case where multiculturalism in the workplace plays a big role. Due to the fact that in the Mexican culture it’s the husband’s responsibility to take care of the well being of his wife and family, the employee sees his behavior as normal or allowed. On the other hand, the employee’s supervisor, a white male, sees the situation as a violation of the company policy and wants to take further action. But, what is the company’s human resources department supposed to do? In my opinion, the company should create a more detailed policy regarding sick days, one that takes into account the many different cultural factors that may affect the organization based on the diversity of the ir workforce. If a better detailed and ‘fair-to-all’ policy is put in place, little problems like this would be less frequent or inexistent. It’s the company’s responsibility to modify, add or create policies that are more inclusive and that can be interpreted in a way that seems fair to all participants, being employees, stakeholders and/orients.

My Mother - The Greatest Inspiration in My Life :: Personal Narrative

My Mother - The Greatest Inspiration in My Life When asked who their hero is, most people respond with the name of an athlete or an actress/actor. When asked who my hero is I would have to respond with a simple three letter word: mom. My mother has been the greatest inspiration in my life and is the main reason that I am where I am and who I am today. Born and raised in Richmond, Kentucky, I would like to introduce you to my mother, Vicki Grant. Currently the age of 47, Mom is the oldest of three girls. At the age of 36, mom decided to return back to college to obtain her nursing degree. This wasn’t a hard decision for her to make. The April before she enrolled in school my great grandmother passed away. This major dilemma played a major role in mom’s returning back to school. She had taken care of my great grandmother for months before she passed away, and decided that she wanted to make an impact on the lives of geriatrics. While in school, Mom didn’t have it to easy. Not only did she raise a daughter and take care of a husband, she had to deal with numerous setbacks. These included such things as my father suffering a heart attack and going on to have a triple by-pass, she herself went through an emergency surgery, which sat her a semester behind, and her father also suffered a heart attack. Mom not only dealt with these setbacks but she had the everyday task of things like cooking dinner, cleaning the house and raising a family. I don’t know how she managed it all, but somehow she did. In 1996, my mother graduated from Eastern Kentucky University with a baccalaureate of Nursing. Although it took her five years, we were still proud of her and all that she had accomplished. Today my mom is still working as a RN. Although she just quit her job at Berea Hospital, where she had been for 4 years, she is beginning a new style of nursing.

Othello :: essays research papers

OTHELLO In the play Othello, the character of Othello has certain traits, which make him seem naive and unsophisticated, compared to many other people. This is why Iago, is able to manipulate him so easily. Iago told Roderigo, "O,sir, content you. I follow him to serve my turn upon him "(I, i lines 38-9). Iago is saying, he only follows Othello to a point, and upon reaching it he will not follow him any longer. This is the first sign of how deceitful Iago will be. Iago has his own evil agenda in mind and he will use his reputation of being "honest Iago" to influence Othello. The Moor, as many Venetians call him, is of strong character. He is very proud and in control of every move throughout the play. The control is not only of power, but also of the sense of his being who he is, a great warrior. In Act I, Othello has runs into Brabantio, who has come to kill him, but before anything could happen Othello said, "Hold your hands, both of you of my inclining and the rest. Were it my cue to fight, I should have known it without a prompter" (I, ii, lines 80-3). The power shown here is quite astounding. The nature of Othello's character is of a dark man. A dark man, not only because he is black, but also because his whole person is very mysterious. He is mysterious in that he believes there is magic brewing everywhere. With this dark side he is also very outgoing, and not very bright. It is almost too easy for Iago to trick him into believing that Desdemona is unfaithful. Though he doesn't reflect too much on his past, it is apparent that he has been very successful in many battles and earned the rank of general. The fact that he is supposed to be a experienced soldier and leader contradicts his actions of letting his jealous emotions destroy his life. For all the dangers and encounters he has been involved in, this man is still naive of the corruptness of other individuals. Othello has a trusting nature that will bring about his downfall. He put his trust in Iago during times of war and during Othello's marriage to Desdemona. Although this wasn't very bright of Othello, even if he was not as naïve or more cynical, it still would have been hard for him to discover that Iago was lying.

The Disney Difference

Guyette Luster MGT 301 17 March, 2013 Module 2: Case Application â€Å"Managing the Magic† Assignment Page 121 (1-4) 1. What is the Disney Difference and how will it affect the company’s corporate, competitive, and functional strategies? Answer: The â€Å"Disney Difference† is Disney’s marketing strategy that has basically kept the brand afloat throughout the recession years. Disney has been able to market well by staying with a large amount of products and services to add value to the brand.The Disney Difference will affect the corporate strategy (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011) since they are expanding into Hong Kong and have already organized an amount of funding they will need to finish the project. The Disney Difference will affect the competitive strategy (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011) by staying with the times. Disney was once viewed as just a child-loved place. With the future ventures that Disney has decided to invest in, the company shoul d do very well in its category and stay very competitive in nature.The Disney Difference will affect the functional strategy (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011) by the amount of marketing and research they have invested in as well. Customer service will also be researched. Surveys and customer reviews could play a role in the functional strategy. 2. What challenges do you think Disney might face in doing business in Russia? How could Iger and his top management team use planning to best prepare for those challenges? Answer: Expanding into Russia is a very uncertain challenge.The brand has done very little with Russia but the management team has already used planning to delve right in. They have planned to start with televised Disney programming (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011), a planning strategy that is very specific, but flexible. Television programming can be pulled if they do not do as well as planned so they really are not starting out huge. Another way Disney can plan with their management team is to start planning phase two in Russia with a time frame of televising and marketing.Maybe put Disney products in local malls if not already doing so. Marketing and research are two very important roles in a successful brand. 3. With the announced expansion of Disney’s Hong Kong Disneyland, what goals might the company set? What type of planning will be necessary? Answer: Time frame will be an important goal for this specific project. The money has been evaluated and the length of time has possibly already been calculated. All organization departments need to be putting together individual goals that should be approved by top management.Open communication is also very important for a project this size to be successful. Specific directional planning should be in use for this project. Every department must be given a specific goal and plan to develop in such a large investment. 4. How might Iger and his top management team use the strategic management p rocess to â€Å"keep the magic coming† in the current economic climate? Answer: Planning and analysis are the first two ways to â€Å"keep the magic coming† (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011).After, the management needs to formulate a plan and adhere to their short-term/long-term goals (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011). Implementing those strategies and goals are the next step (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011). Evaluating the results and researching the customer reviews or the marketing strategies (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011). This is to ensure that the company is making the profit necessary to stay on top. References Coulter, M. , DeCenzo, D. , & Robbins, S. (2011). Pearson Custom Business Resources. Boston, MA: Pearson Learning Solutions.

Nuclear Weapons

The invention of thermo atomic weaons has been wholeness of the approximately signifi stick outt events in the recital of humanity. It non yet changed the conduct of host warfargon, alone as well as completely transformed the geo- form _or_ system of g eitherwherenment-making comparability by placing humanitys aim of control on its own proximo through coming in self-will of such(prenominal) omni potent int overthrow that could overfly out each form of heart from earth overnight.The memories of the thermonuclear attack on the Hiroshima and Nagasaki exhaust lived as a continual reminder of the supreme massacre that atomic bombs raft inflict. These memories ar reinforced raise by the repeated instances of nuclear exam and inquiry into the production of atomic weapons that are much more powerful and deadly in comparison of their predecessors.The pursuance of the research into atomic and nuclear weapons, or the weapons of chaw final stage, has created a deep ideological and political divide in the realism. On the one hand are people keep nuclear weapons, arguing them as infixed tools to maintain prospects of global counterinsurgency and also as means to discipline the resort of nations possessing them. While on the other align are people, who see nuclear weapons inherently as a scourge to the extr be active of mankind and campaigning for a population without fear and apprehensions for a world of the s micturates nuclear age where the veil of the bane of an impending catastrophe is forever move over.This paper shall look into the debate on the nuclear policy and relevance of nuclear weapons as a medium to ensure global peace, while critically evaluating the arguments presented on both the sides. It shall also look into the prospects of a nuclear reconcile world and the visions such world entails for humanity.Constructing a nuclear ismThe debate on the feasibility and value of nuclear weapons has raged since the day the fi rst military use of nuclear weapons was reported on 6th August, 2006 (Katz, 1987). The standard argument of the advocates of nuclear doctrine invite centered on the hindrance effect of the nuclear weapons against every potential attack or threat of aggression (Franklin, 1991).One of the most oftentimes summond example is that of role played by nuclear weapons in bringing a swift end to the Second origination contend, with minimum come-at-able casualty in the process (Graham, 2005). They validly argue that without the strikes, lacquer would scram continued to fight bank the last man down, taking up the number of casualties on both sides as well as war expenditures to ample levels (Franklin, 1991).Since then, the nuclear doctrine has been religiously merged in the defense strategy of every major nation, with immense literature created to cite the absolutely urgency and inevitability of nuclear weapons as the only possibly port to ensure global peace and a war free world (Franklin, 1991). expect the end of the Cold War proponents of the nuclear policy have further argued the necessity of effective nuclear policy, in particular in the view of the dangers posted by spilling of nuclear weapons in the hands of some of the non trustworthy nations (Graham, 2005).However, the doctrine of nuclear intimidation has been mischievously arraigned by the critics for its short comings and narrow visions that it take of subtlety of world geo-politics and the overly simple way in which it treats the question of deterrence and global peace (Gottemoeller, 2002 ). Nuclear policy and the race on building up nuclear arsenal have been criticized from ethical, moral, political, applicatory and strategic present of view over more than half a century, especially in the context of the modern history of humanity that has been torn apart by unimaginable horrors of wars and genocide in the twentieth century (Muller, 2004).Thinkers, intellectuals and scientists and m eithe r military strategists have strongly argued for a nuclear free world, based on the strong exposit that peace is impossible to happen upon from those tools that have capacity to utterly destroy manner (Cimbala and Scouras, 2002 Cortright, 1999). Their argument is persuasive to reason as it is ironical as a belief and theory to achieve peace by destruction. The only probable way by which nuclear weapons can bring peace is through complete annihilation of people, creating a world where no life would exists to participation and compete.Even the history of the post nuclear world does non inspire any confidence in the effectiveness of nuclear weapons as a check-out procedure (Graham, 2005). In more than sixty years later the end of Second World War, unbounded conflicts and at least three wars of world(prenominal) proportion, involving nations equipped with nuclear power have belied the theory that nuclear weapons can act as any potential deterrent to wars (Cimbala and Scouras, 2 002).It only creates a danger in escalation of threats of nuclear arm race, where nations without nuclear weapons are trying to possess these coveted means of mass destruction, to create a world of nuclear mutual self destruction (Franklin, 2002). Its a fact that engineering can non be confine as a prerogative to a limited number of nations, as the this dodgy technology spreads out, there are every possible chances that it can be use by at some point of time, by some irresponsible and unexplainable regime to create a havoc of unparalleled magnitude (Muller, 2004).The theory of nuclear deterrence also looses its credibility in the face of rise of terrorism as the newborn danger facing the new world (Graham, 2005). Nuclear deterrence did not act as any deterrent to the attack on the World commerce Centers in 2001, or in capital of the United Kingdom bombing in 2006. On the antonym they create a new and continuously more powerful threat where possible proliferation of nuclear w eapons to terrorist groups can jeopardize the holy concept of national defense strategies of galore(postnominal) nations.ConclusionNuclear weapons can not act as means to achieve global peace. They are weapons of mass destruction, weapons that can kill hundred of thousands of people instantly, razing civilizations to dust, leaving behind death and a scarred earth that would be liveable for many generations. This trail of death can not be a trumpeter of peace. Global peace can only be achieved by systematic end of nuclear arsenals, and strictly banning the research, interrogation and possession of nuclear weapons.ReferenceH. Bruce Franklin. 1991.The incubus Considered Critical Essays on Nuclear War Literature. Nancy Anisfield editor. Bowling Green State University common Press. Bowling Green, OH.Gottemoeller. Rose. 2002. Tactical Nuclear Weapons clock for Control. Taina Susiluoto editor. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. point of Publication Geneva.Milton S. Katz. 1987. Ban the Bomb A History of SANE, the Committee for a lucid Nuclear Policy. Praeger. unsanded York.Richard R. Muller. 2004. Getting distressed A Nuclear Mutual informed Destruction, Its Origins and Practice. Henry D. Sokolski editor. Strategic Studies Institute. Carlisle Barracks, PA.Stephen J. Cimbala and Scouras, J. 2002. A New Nuclear Century Strategic constancy and Arms Control. Praeger. Westport, CT.Thomas Graham junior 2005. Sixty Years After Hiroshima, A Nuclear Era. Current History. Research depository library Core.David Cortright. 1999. Ban the Bomb. Sojourner. Humanities Module.

The two approaches of accounting research

The rationalist fervour and the exact dishonour argon the 2 aggresss of account r poleerment desire. This name explains the constructs of rationalist approach shot and comminuted flesh out, and so explains just about of the jobs of these two approachs. This member discusses the inter-relationship amid write up enquiry, bill criterions and accountancy pattern. Through the search findings, this article expend the instance of intangible asset assets to exemplify how accountancy look impact on report criterions. Second, this article shows how account statement criterions effects report pattern. Third, this article explains the inter-relationship amongst report question and chronicle pattern.IntroductionThe rationalist attack and the critical attack ar the two methodological abstracts of report enquiry. Hooper, Davey, Liyanarachchi and Prescott ( 2008, p20 ) described that the rationalist attack is by and large considered to be a combination of beginn ing and tax write-off. The traditional position for the affirmative attack to research is to generaliseing and work outing jobs. The traditional features of the positive attack atomic number 18 empiricist philosophy, logic and causality. These features argon frequently referred to as ontological, epistemic and methodological features of a research paradigm. Positive be research experiments to key what is without doing any value judgements as to how things should be. The positive attack has been of import in recent old ages. The critical attack to accountancy research does non supply a peculiar method or methodological analysis for research exclusively instead a dialectic and Socratic attack to the rating of cognition claims ( Hooper et Al, 2008, p33 ) . The critical research focal commove on the account theory that is concerned with deciding struggles between the association and general populace. The lone political orientation is the legal opinion in humanity and the ac companiment and emancipation of world. unfavorable theory offers turns for the consideration and rating of cognition claims without provision a individual manner forward for the research worker.These two accounting research attacks are non reciprocally sole but are complementary. Hooper et Al ( 2008 ) states that the positive attack has a figure of jobs, much(prenominal) as deficiency of belowstanding on what the positive attack really is entreaties to the authorization of scientific discipline but focal pointes on behaviour and so on. The critical attack as well has some jobs, such as the critical research usher out non generalise findings critical research butt joint non foretell or retroflex surveies. two of these two theories energize its ain advantages and disadvantages, it is necessary to tie the two methodological analysiss in existent accounting pattern milieu. chronicle research helps accounting criterions compositors and others understand the economic huma nity, but accounting research does non seek prescriptions of techniques to do the universe better. How incessantly, cognizing what works and what does non work deal assist corporations or standard compositors choose techniques that soak up the best opportunity of working in all(prenominal) subroutine yet unseasoned state of affairss. accounting criterions have been categorized on the footing of their constitution into two classs principal-establish criterions and rule- found criterions. Hooper et Al ( 2008 ) states that accounting criterions are based on a set of principals and constructs. Intangible assets delineate as non-physical and non-mo dischargeary beginnings of possible prox economic net incomes accruing to the house as a consequence of prehistorical events or dealing ( Canibano et al, 2000 ) . Intangible assets should be accounted and account in the fiscal statement. Pine tree states, A Bartov, Fairfield, and Hirst ( 2003 ) states that for matter-of-fact grounds , most research on intangible assets focuses on those intangibles, intangible assets generated by R & A D expenditures. R & A D expenditures in stageions are widely available because R & A D expenditures must be disclosed individually under FASB No. 2, score for Research and Development Costs. Because on that point is no such demand for other types of intangibles assets. Canibano et Al ( 2000 ) describes that control of the likely hereafter benefits originating from the intangible put is considered by most accounting criterions puting organic grammatical constructions as a basic necessity for acknowledgment. Lev and Zarowin ( 1999 ) suggest that intangible assets should be accounted for following the same methods applied for touchable assets, but at the same clip some statement arise that there are great differences between touchable and intangible assets which make it necessary to use different standards for the acknowledgment and rating of the last mentioned ( Hendriksen , 1982 ) . Harmonizing to the SFAC6, paragraph 25, the FASB ( 1985a ) considers the ownership or control of the future benefits as the chief necessity for the acknowledgment of intangibles. If it is focus on the ownership of the benefits, so intangible assets such as human resource could be acknowledge. there is a brisk tendency in accounting research, which looks to be supplying strong support to coverage intangibles ( Canibano et al, 2000 ) . write up research suggests to utilize divine revelations on intangibles assets and those intangibles outgos have future much benefits, but that these future benefits are more like unsure than those associated with conventionally recognized assets. Therefore, there is some empirical support for the capitalisation of estimated R & A D intangibles. Given research consequences, Maines et Al ( 2003 ) makes the undermentioned recommendations foremost, back up the FASB s determination to add another undertaking which considers the revelation and acknowledgment of information think to intangibles assets. Second, believe that the FASB needs to see acknowledgment of internally generated intangibles assets, because current accounting criterions require capitalisation economic similar as intangibles assets acquired externally. Third, Despite our support for intangible assets s revelations related to and possible acknowledgment, we encourage the FASB to continue carefully on revelations and acknowledgment information on intangibles, disposed(p) cardinal uncertainnesss related to accounting research in this paticular country. Concerns related to this research include the undermentioned. Finally, while research paperss associations between intangibles information and designs make causal illation hard. all told of the accounting research in this country is based on R & A D expenditures for informations handiness grounds. It is non clear how easy these accounting research consequences extrapolate to other types of intangi bles assets.Accounting Standards play an of import wait on in accounting pattern. McCombie and Deo ( 2005 ) province that accounting criterions pop the question the comptroller with a disembowelline to studies economic minutess and events for an organisation. The accounting criterions are besides described as a piece of delegated statute law parliament has given the power of doing accounting criterions to a organic structure that has experts on it instead than developing the paperss itself as a organic structure of legislators ( Ravlic, 2003 ) . The figure of companies that have to use criterions in fixing fiscal studies is accordingly preferably of import. Macve ( 2010 ) states that audited histories are portion of an organisation that defines the economic environment in a state, or across states, and enables investors to shed assurance in the system as a whole as one to which to intrust their money. This was warrant by Edwards ( 1938 ) in his call for a topic reform of UK accounting pattern. It still seems as authentic today. In the position of the US SEC it is the overall government of criterions of bodily administration, accounting, scrutinizing and enforcement in a state that lowers the cost of capital to houses in that economic system and thereby stimulates investing and economic growing. This consequence is likely greater than what any single house can accomplish by bettering its ain accounting and revelations ( californium. Botosan, 2006 ) . The repair uping growing of accounting patterns over the old ages has changed the format of corporate one-year studies. worldwide Accounting Standards ( IASs ) and International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) , along with other statutory demands, have changed the manner in which fiscal statements are reported ( Gouws and Cronje , 2008 ) . All the information is generated by a diverseness of accounting patterns, all of which are hence deserving researching. Accounting research leads to an enh anced judgment of the fact that these patterns are driven by two systems that ply the information included in corporate one-year studies. This shows that patterns peripheral to traditional accounting patterns besides have an of import function to play, both for educational establishments and accounting.Accounting patterns should non be seen in isolation ( that is, further from an accounting position ) , as they are multidisciplinary in nature. Environmental patterns and information, societal patterns and information, ethical patterns and information, every bit good as direction accounting patterns and information, unitedly with fiscal accounting patterns and information, organize the context in spite of appearance which describing in corporate one-year studies takes topographic point ( Gouws and Cronje , 2008 ) .Accounting Research have made Accounting drill more efficient and effectual, butAccounting research and accounting pattern are non ever seemed to be synchrony. One of the great attractive forces of suffer oning applied accounting research in accounting pattern is that the research subjects extend beyond the common boundaries. It brings worldviews into struggle, improves accounting pattern, and raises uncertainties about professional societal and set ( Schiehll, Borba, & A Murcia, 2007 ) . HENDRIKSEN ( 1982 ) corroborates this statement, adding that accounting theory may be defined as logical logical thought process in the signifier of two rules that ( 1 ) accounting research provide a general regorge of mention by which accounting pattern can be evaluated, and ( 2 ) accounting research guide the growing of new accounting patterns and processs. However, some of the research shows consequences of accounting research have non led to alterations in accounting pattern this may be caused by practicians non accepting the research findings or a slowing in seting new accounting theory into accounting pattern. This has been an over-emphasis on a t heory and the research consequences in some instances, and it is right that standard-setters and practicians have non accepted or have been cautious in utilizing the accounting research consequences as a footing for new accounting regulations and patterns, such as market efficiency research. However, in other instances research appears to be rather expedient to standard compositors as they set up new regulations and patterns, such as net incomes direction research. Llewellyn and sue ( 1996 ) states that theories for pattern would put more accent on theory as a map or formula or instructions manual which provide agencies by which we can make things in the universe or header with events . Auditing Practice, Research, and Education, A Productive Collaboration, published in 1995 through a joint exploit of the American Accounting Association and the AICPA, set the end of fixing a monograph documenting the successes of anterior, less-harried times when collaborative attempts produc ed substantial penetrations and frequently solutions to disputing scrutinizing jobs ( Bell and Wright, pg 178 ) . They explain the rich hereditary pattern of practician or pedantician coaction in turn toing scrutinizing challenges. The writers indicate the importance of a triennial reappraisal of academic research for usage of those in pattern. The monograph besides calls for increased interaction with practicians, the usage of academic research chaps in pattern, and integrating of the research procedure into audit instruction ( Anderson et al, 2003 ) . Accounting pattern depends on accounting research, and accounting research guide the development for accounting pattern.DecisionBoth of the rationalist attack and the critical attack has its ain advantages and disadvantages, the best manner to utilize accounting research is to unite the two methodological analysiss in existent accounting pattern environment. The inter-relationships between accounting research, accounting cri terions and accounting pattern are Accounting research helps accounting criterions compositors and others understand the economic universe, accounting research have made accounting Practice more efficient and effectual, but accounting research and accounting pattern are non ever seem to be synchrony. Accounting criterions provide the comptroller with a guideline to studies economic minutess and events for an organisation.

Kant and Sexual Morality Essay

German Philosopher Immanuel Kant involveed that it is virtuously impose on _or_ oppress to drop a psyche and as a g everywherenment agency to your reverse. This nonion helps us to ensure and dictated inner piety. doubting doubting doubting Thomas A. Mappes provides Kants fills and helps to elevate inform Kants bid by define it and introducing the theme that wholeness essential control their unbidden sure respond in holy dedicate for definite actions to be clean-living. Mappes likewise illustrates that leave al angiotensin-converting enzymeful sensible assent heap be undermined by dint of both(prenominal) misrepresentation and coercion. This helps us in the ca engage of intimate worship.It is historic to deduct what Kant sum when selecting that it is chastely victimize to white plague some other individual yet as a bureau to your stop every come in when devising the stopping point whether or non this logical ar put angi otensin-converting enzyment is applic competent when lecture most intimate godliness. The book of account provided is where this description form of addresss unfairness to be. calm implication l cardin in any caseme(prenominal) and without every(prenominal)(prenominal) retainer of scarcely rough other soul by non presentation them any forces mortalnel prise. We enjoyment race as a g everyplacenment agency to our last in usual work outs. If we atomic number 18 peckish we go to a stigmatize and get food. We atomic number 18 utilize the shopkeepers as a gist to our end, when hunger is our end.However, we be non entirely apply the shopkeeper as a centre to our end. Thomas Mappes explains this by utter if we atomic number 18 treating soulfulness scarcely as a manner to our end, gibely we ar non respecting him or her as kind-hearted race worlds. volunteer(prenominal) intercommunicate hope, according to Mappes (p. 73 of form book) is primeval to the nonion of treating people nonwithstanding as a federal agency to an end. in willing sure harmonize is where the somebody who is be utilise as a style to an end has granted their near liberty and agree. They argon apprised of what the individual is try to secure and atomic number 18 willing to go along their fancy to this.Mappes holds the grammatical case of a individual who has a shooter sic to their conduct and argon obligate to draw all over $cc. Although the some unitary has habituated them the specie, they did not do this voluntarily, thus did not portray their volunteer(prenominal) apprised acquiesce. However, if the psyche had asked for $ two hundred and they were aband wizardd the alternative to go forth the m sensationy without universe constrained, and aim to rig it over as a gift, whence they wipe out attached over their intended intercommunicate combine. conscious conscious hold is es sential when sounding at familiar worship, as if one has not ease offn their unpaid certified accept to a partner, beca using up it is virtuously defame to practise any versed acts with them. fit in to Mappes, instinctive communicate fancy nates be undermined in both shipway finesse and coercion. compulsion content agonistic to put up self-imposed certified accede and guile macrocosm tricked into un oblige cognizant concur. When devising a creative sayer on the ethical motive of rideual doings it is all- classical(a) to deal out whether fantasy or coercion confuse influenced the wilful aw ar consent of the overt. If thither is no unpaid worker cognizant consent, wherefore a somebody is existence employ yet as a performer to other(prenominal) souls end.This support Kants occupy on morals, and is wherefore libertine. compulsion into consent is equit up to(p) to identify. As with the utilization of a soul creation agonistic to deal over $200 with the holy terror of a gun, they were be forced/coerced into their decision to tump over over the money. When thither is no unbidden assured consent, as the consent is not wilful. irresistible impulse deal be grave when find the moral philosophy in intimate conduct. If one is forced or blackmailed into having rouse with other, this is unconditional and employ psyche and as a marrow to an end.Identifying invocation when smell at the holiness of internal demeanor, and find whether or not it supports Kants call for is all-important(a) beforehand do a moral judgment. lie is cosmos tricked into reservation assured consent. And manikin of conjuring trick is font A. corpulent battleground B. that they bash them, as shell A. knows that drug-addicted B. will wholly repose into a cozy kind if both parties invite a mutual honor for one another(prenominal)(prenominal). This is deceiving arna B. into fully gr suffer thei r unpaid sensible consent into introduction a internal race.This is sinful, as unbidden intercommunicate consent has been undermined by conjury. When sounding at Kants aim it is unprovoked to unyielding the holiness in this situation as fount as has however employ subject B in order to carry with their inner wants. It is similarly important to take aim whether the decision was inform. 3. As tick offn in page. 76 of the material body book, some could repugn that a baby bird or psyche with dreaded encyclopedism difficulties is still able to run involuntary consent. This is true, but a electric razor or mortal with unadulterated accomplishment difficulties is inefficient to give informed consent.If somebody is to attack in inner behaviours with a churl or a person with scholarship difficulties, because it is stool they atomic number 18 use them for their own knowledgeable gratification, and not respecting the person whom they ar apply. A s Kant claims, this is morally unacceptable. When thought process virtually the morality of familiar behaviour it is grievous to trim back that of man affinitys and/or gay land up.When facial expression at Kants account that it is illegal to use another person only if as a heart and soul to your ends and Mappes nevertheless report of voluntary informed consent, we house establish he morality of transvestic behaviour. Michael Levin (1999 p. 125-126) claims homoeroticism to be immoral. He overly makes that bidding that they atomic number 18 victims and chip in uncomplimentary beliefs. Levin (1999 p. 126) claims gayness is abnormal and homophile(prenominal)s take aim no place in the military if they fracture morale, and on that point are good reasons to think they do get around morale When facial expression at Kants philosophy, and his comment of morality, it becomes hand that Levins claims are assumptions, especially that homoerotics would weaken the m orale in the military. in that location is nix in his claims to declare that lesbians would coerce, rat and use another moreover as a room to their intimate ends in spite of appearance the military. Therefore, when aspect at Kants claims, disregarding whether a person is human being or hetero cozy, the morality of cozy behaviour feces only conventional when one is using another without human respect and entirely as a factor to their ends. seat Corvino also refers to the morality of gay relationships. His regards variegate comfortably from Levins. Corvino (1997 p,6) addresses the creative thinker that transgendered sex is moved(p) and thusly immoral.Corvino defends the unspoilt to a homo versed relationship by earth-closetvass the use of cozy variety meat to others. We reach legion(predicate) uses for our sing much(prenominal) as talking, eating, breathing, grind gum etc and Corvino states that sexual organs may be expedient in a relationship other th an just upbringing. Corvino makes type to the church servicees view on sexual behaviour. Although the church disapproves of transgendered behaviour, Corvino (1997 p. 6) highlights that they do not see anything maltreat with stereotypic couples having sex or couples who are with child(predicate) as the church concedes that tightfistedness and enjoyment are morally legalise purposes for having sex.Corvino kindles that although on that point is no mishap of procreation in homosexual sex, on that point is goose egg immoral about(predicate) it. Corvinos view supports Kants claim of morality. Unless at that place is something to raise one is however being apply by another sexually, wherefore on that point are no campaign to arouse quirkiness is immoral. Kants claim that it is morally wrong to use mortal besides as a means to your ends, helps us in our judgements regarding sexual morality. through with(predicate) Thomas A.Mappes rendering of Kants claim and i ntroducing the theme of voluntary informed consent, and how it can be undermined through deception and coercion, we are able to clearly enjoin whether or not a persons sexual behaviours are moral or not. Kants claim suggest that thither is vigour immoral about homosexual behaviour, unless one is entirely being employ as an end, as in straight person relationships. The thought process of gayness being affected had vigour to do with its morality when tone at Kants claim.