Both the Adventure Essay

Both the Adventure of the Speckled Band and Lamb to the Slaughter share some characteristics of murder mysteries. Which story is the most typical one? Which story is most successful in creating suspense? Attracting readers of all ages for hundreds of years, it is evident through these two stories that the murder mystery genre has evolved from a more stereotypical â€Å"whodunit† structure, however still continuing to enthral its reader by creating a sense of the unexpected, and engaging them in anxiety through the effective use of language and characters. The Speckled Band and Lamb to the Slaughter share characteristics of murder mysteries and demonstrate the significant difference, which has changed the typical structure through the years. The Speckled Band written in the Victorian times (1882) by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle during the reign of Queen Victoria, features one of the finest ever adventures of the legendary detective Sherlock Holmes whereas on the other hand Lamb to the Slaughter demonstrates a less predictable or typical â€Å"whodunit† structure written in the 1950’s by Roald Dahl. Those essential elements of a murder mystery are witnessed in both stories including the detectives, villains, motives, atmosphere, and the narration allowing the reader a more direct participation. The Speckled Band looks at how a tragic death has left Helen Stoner, who lives in Stoke Moran with her stepfather, extremely frightened. Helen’s sister Julia died in mysterious circumstances just prior to her marriage, and Julia had spoken to Helen about a low whistling sound she had heard in the night just before she died, and she said something to Helen about a Speckled Band she had seen. Helen goes to visit Sherlock Holmes and she reveals that an agreement was made, whereby all her mother’s money would go to Dr Roylott (her stepfather), ‘with a provision that a certain annual sum should be allowed for each of us in the event of our marriage’. After investigation, Holmes later finds out that each sister would get i 250, which at the time was a great deal of money. The reader sees a clear motive for the murder of Julia Stoner, as she was about to inherit a huge sum of money, which her stepfather would have to give. The reader is lead to believe that because Dr Roylott would have to give a large sum of money to both the girls this may be his motive for murdering Helen prior to her marriage. Helen also therefore appears to be in danger building the suspense from early in the plot. The story then goes on to look at the typical detective manner of Sherlock Holmes, who uncovers the truth behind the unexpected death of Julia Stoner, always accompanied by his friend Dr Watson from whom the adventure is seen through, allowing the reader an immediate involvement in the mystery and a force to believe Dr Watson. Holmes and Watson work on various clues with the help of Helen to find out that it was a snake let out by Dr Roylott that killed Julia. Sir Conan Doyle wrote detective fiction in the Speckled Band for a reader who would appreciate the traditional structure, adapting from a more serious, realistic Victorian lifestyle where the doctors were of a higher society. The story gives the reader a hint or motive for murder in the very beginning whereas on the other hand Lamb to the Slaughter, holds back a lot of information and tricks the reader, giving a more unexpected approach and a less typical one such as the Speckled Band. The audience had a different liking and therefore The Speckled Band was more popular compared to a more varied approach, which is popular with the modern audience. The Speckled Band is written looking at the Victorian lifestyle therefore looking at the traditional views. This reflects the story’s structure as it is set in an old mansion in mysterious surroundings, which was a traditional setting. Sir Conan Doyle’s story revolves around the character of the detective, Sherlock Holmes, which is a preferred technique of mystery novelists, probably because it leaves a place for sequel. The story, though centred on Holmes, is told as seen through the eyes of his companion, Dr Watson, providing a good example of writing in the first person. The Speckled Band was published in a magazine called the Strand magazine, which gave short chapters every week, therefore always leaving the reader in suspense, guessing until the next chapter was published. There are many things that tell us that this story was written in the late 19th century, for example Helen Stoner arrived by â€Å"dog-cart†. Miss Stoner is dressed in all black and wearing a veil, possibly suggesting that she is in mourning which was common at the time when someone close to you died. In the Victorian times middle class women were very dependent on their husband and were therefore without very much independence. We know this because Holmes says â€Å"when young ladies wander about the metropolis at this hour of the morning, and knock sleepy people up out of their beds, I presume that it is something very pressing which they have to communicate†, suggesting that the woman wouldn’t come at this time for no reason. It also suggests that for this reason he is interested in why this woman is here therefore first calling Dr Watson to meet her too. In contrast, Lamb to the Slaughter is probably set in a house in an American suburb. The story gives the first image of a devoted housewife who has an understandable love for her house. Everything is done, as if to perfection as Dahl presents her surroundings as clean, comfortable and peaceful. â€Å"The room was warm and clean, the curtains drawn, the two table lamps alight-hers and the one by the empty chair opposite. † This suggests that she has made sure everything is prepared for her husband’s arrival as she has even lit the table lamp beside the empty chair. The story is seen from Mary’s perspective however it is written in a third person narration (omniscient narrator); this allows the reader to picture the story from her perspective and gets a greater depth into her character. This is not very typical of the murder mystery genre as usually the story is seen through the detective, victim or from another perspective but it is not common to be from the murderer’s view. Dahl has used a very untypical narration, which works very well to see a character in depth. This also makes the reader sympathise for Mary, as the narrator seems to do. Secondly Dahl describes Mary as a pregnant woman with soft, loveable features and a skin that has â€Å"a wonderful translucent quality†. This makes the reader now care for Mary and makes her a perfect victim being weak and a woman. It appears that Mary waits patiently every day for her husband to arrive from work and is overjoyed at his arrival.

Environmental Management System Audit

An Audit is not the same as an Inventory Many people can confuse an audit with an inventory. The one vital difference between the inventory and an audit is that the inventory is concerned only with the environment, whereas an audit concerns the relationship of a community. The main purpose of the inventory is to collect environmental facts. (Newman et al. , 1997). An audit relates those facts to a specific community. This concern for compliance with standard rules and requirements is also relevant to environmental audits, but normally will not dominate the audit, as it does a financial audit. The environment cannot be reduced to a set of rules, such as those that control the preparation of financial statements. The report on an environmental audit will be lengthy rather than brief, and its findings will tend to be in the form of comments, recommendations and suggestions. This means that there is scope for disagreement or different interpretations. An audit also considers how the past has led to the present situation, but it is more concerned with the overall picture than with specific problems. (Newman et al. 1996) An audit: Summary Places the emphasis on interpretation rather than on data collection Emphasizes the overall view rather than specific investigation of individual problems. Is an activity commissioned by and used by a First Nation, not something carried out by or for another body. Assists the identification of goals and priorities, rather than being a response to problems or opportunities. Definitions Environmental Management System: The organizational structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and resources for implementing and maintaining environmental management. Graff, 1997) Environmental Management System Audit: A program and procedure that determines whether the environmental management system conforms to the organization's planned arrangements and whether it has been properly implemented and maintained. (Newman et al. , 1997). It contributes to management's purpose of the continuing capability of the environmental management system. Environmental Management System Review: A formal evaluation by senior management of the status and capability of the environmental management system in relation to environmental policy and new objectives resulting from changing circumstances. Environmental Management System The International Organization for Standardization defines an EMS (Environmental Management System) as the â€Å"organizational structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for implementing and maintaining environmental management. â€Å"(1995, p. 6) In simplified terms, an EMS continually provides an organization with an accurate understanding of the impacts its activities are having on the environment, as well as useful estimates of potential impacts. A critical element of an EMS is the requirement for management to demonstrate a commitment to continual improvement by periodically auditing, reviewing and revising its EMS. (Graff, 1997) As evidenced by the word â€Å"system,† an EMS suggests a continuous cycle. This cycle begins with the design of an environmental policy. The policy must then be operationalized and implemented throughout the organization. The company must declare its environmental objectives, and identify those, which will have the greatest environmental impact. These objectives become the primary areas of consideration within the company's environmental programs. The environmental programs are essentially the blueprint the organization follows to achieve specific objectives and targets along the route to achieving the overall environmental policy. The EMS establishes procedures; work instructions and controls to ensure that implementation of the policy and achievement of the targets can become a reality. (The International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Communication is vital. It enables people within the organization to understand their responsibilities, and to have an appreciation for the environmental objectives of the organization. With this information, they are better able to contribute to the success of the EMS. Conclusion Environmental management aims to make responsible use of natural, economic and human resources in ways that protect and improve the environment. It seeks to protect valued ecological assets, manage local areas in the most appropriate way and enhance the relationship between people and the natural environment. (Turner et al. , 1993). Today environmental management aims to secure the important principles of sustainable development which seeks to put in place stewardship of the environment for this and future generations.

Genetically Modified Foods Essay

The term GM (genetically modified) food has gained controversy in the last few years, but in the first place we have to understand what GM food is and how it works, the term GM foods or GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) is used when we refer to crop plants using different molecular biology techniques or methods to change their properties, such as to enhance their resistance to herbicides, improve nutritional content, and other properties. This seems great, but why there are people who disapprove the development and consumption of GM foods? Modifying plant genetics can have many benefits, because of the use of precise and accurate molecular techniques, the main difference between traditional breeding techniques which are not so accurate and need more time to develop, are the molecular methods that are used to modify plants. Genetic engineering can change plants genes in a short time, for example taking out a plant gene that gives low temperature resistance to the plant and insert it into another plant. The uses and varieties we can achieve are immense and can end with great results. â€Å"The world population has topped 7. 5 billion people and is predicted to double in the next 50 years. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming population is going to be a major challenge in the years to come. GM foods promise to meet this need in a number of ways† (B. Whitman, 2000). The most common uses of genetic engineering in plants are herbicide tolerance, disease resistance, cold tolerance, drought & salinity resistance, nutrition, pharmaceuticals, etc. It could help even to stop malnutrition and in some years to reduce world food shortage, because the possibilities are wide. Why do people not approve of the use and consumption of these products? â€Å"Environmental activists, religious organizations, public interest groups, professional associations and other scientists and government officials have all raised concerns about GM foods, and criticized agribusiness for pursuing profit without concern for potential hazards, and the government for failing to exercise adequate regulatory oversight†. (B. Whitman, 2000). The principal reasons people disapprove GM foods are given in three main oppositions are separated into three categories, and they should not be concealed , first of all the environmental hazards as harming other organisms, reducing pesticides or herbicides effects and wrong targeting in genetic transfer (wrong species); also the human health stability and the risks genetically modifications and engineering can cause and finally the economic implications of the development and studies GM foods require. Currently, science is fastly evolving and the entire world is part of it and has to decide about changes. This is a subject we cannot be shelved. The problems GM foods may cause needs to be solved and improve constantly, because we are currently looking for solutions to the future and this may be one of them. So the challenges need to be solved and overpassed, with the required caution of avoiding damage to humans and environments, but it is clear we cannot ignore this enormous and potential technology â€Å"Genetically-modified foods have the potential to solve many of the world’s hunger and malnutrition problems, and to help protect and preserve the environment by increasing yield and reducing reliance upon chemical pesticides and herbicides. † (SC-S. SI) Sources ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES. (1995, August). Genetically Modified Foods . Retrieved Noviembre 2013, from Safety Issues: http://pubs. acs. org/doi/pdfplus/10. 1021/bk-1995-0605. fw001 B. Whitman, D. (2000, April). Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? Retrieved November 2013, from http://www. csa. com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview. php SC-S. SI. (n. d. ). GENETICALLY ENGINEERED FOOD †¦ Is It Safe to Eat? Retrieved November 20, 2013, from http://www. sc-s. si/blog/wp-content/gm-foods-zp. pdf.

Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Corporate Social Essay

Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example It is clearly shown in this report that foreign direct investment complicates the CSR practices of multinational corporations and other businesses operating internationally. This shows that there is a strong relationship between CSR and FDI. The relationship is influenced by several factors. First, stakeholder legitimacy problems cause international businesses to adapt to local CSR practices because stakeholders in host countries exert pressure on them to behave according to their interests in order to be considered legitimate. Secondly, international human resource management policies in host countries may complicate CSR practices of the foreign country due to the difference between HRM practices of the host and home country. An expatriate problem also results in complex CSR practices because expatriates may experience new cultures and behaviors in the host country that may change their CSR practices. Institutional distance is also considered as another factor affecting the relation ship between CSR and FDI. A high institutional distance between hoe and host country usually leads the multinational corporation to adapt to the local CSR practices. Recent research indicates that a company operating in host countries with a different institutional environment and demanding stakeholders are likely to adopt local practices in order to legitimize their foreign direct investment in host countries. This can be explained using the institutional theory and stakeholder theory which explain internal and external motivations for legitimacy in multinational corporations. Foreign Direct Investment is the acquisition of assets by an international company in another country. Foreign Direct Investors face the challenge of integrating home country CSR practices and the demands of stakeholders in the host country. Understanding these legitimacy pressures for foreign direct investment requires a link between corporate social responsibility and foreign direct investment.

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Essay - 10

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness - Essay Example Globalization is a process of increasing proportion of social, economic and cultural activities across the national borders. There were positive and negative impacts of globalization of Coca-Cola Company. Marketing strategies, technology and product differentiation are some of the factors that supported the rapid growth and development of the company globally. Under marketing strategies, the company used popular catchy jingles, and advertising slogans, which had a great impact to the minds and hearts of the people worldwide (Lopez, 2012). The slogans were meant to influence the consumers in remembering the product. The company also customized the product in order to meet needs of the sole markets. Coca-Cola Company also exercised Packaging differentiation, which also had a great impact into various market segments. The impacts of globalization of Coca-Cola Company also had a negative impact in some countries globally. For example, in India, the problems occurred after the company started to exploit recourses and labor in the country. The lands were to be cleared for the establishment of the factories where a number of people got displaced. The agricultural workers were left without a source of income after their lands grabbed by Coca-Cola Company. Many of the farmers committed suicide because they lacked alternatives of earning a living (Rao & Sivaramakrishna, 2008). After the establishment of the factories, the nightmare did not end because the residents were still hired to work in dangerous assembly lines, which caused physical pain and psychological damage as well. The company did not consider age or gender, but hired anybody. Child labors existed, meaning the some of the children did not attend school, which can lead the future generation of India to remain uneducated, hence low chances of stabilizing India. Some of technological factors that have positive impacts to the company include; efficiency of corporations marketing, advertising and

The Reflective Manager Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Reflective Manager - Personal Statement Example Reflective leadership has not only been found to result in organizational growth and development but also translates into personal growth of managers and subordinates. Reflective leadership and leadership knowledge can, therefore, be effectively applied to improve one’s work performance on leadership (Downey et al., 2009). Although it might take a lot of time, weeks or even months for a reflective manager to enter the minds of his/her employees in motivating them to share his/her vision, practicing one’s reflective skills, reflecting and learning could be helpful in making a manager skilled in inculcating a culture of rapid change in an organization (Downey et al., 2009). A quick succession of rapid culture change, however, occurs only in organizations in which a series of small changes consistent with organizational and business priorities are implemented. There are certain circumstances or times during which it is best to be reflective including after a management tas k while walking around. Importantly, reflecting on a management task, action or decision should be done on the same day the task has been performed (Downey et al., 2009). The reflection may be about the goal that was set out to be achieved and how the same goal was achieved. The plan by which the goals were achieved should also be compared with the theories on reflective leadership and the necessary changes or improvements executed. Although many managers and leaders ignore them, theories are tools of great importance as far as management and leadership are concerned. These theories should be put to practice by setting some time away from the work to think about what has been achieved on the floor, taking into account what went well and wrong. In addition, a manager should take this time to overview own perceptions and reactions and those of other employees. There are certain vital points that a manager or leader should note while walking around the work floor reflecting on his activities of the day. These points include the fact that such reflective walks as important floodgates for all the pent up issues encountered at the floor such as employee complaints and frustrations (Downey et al., 2009).

Three Google Apps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Three Google Apps - Essay Example However, if the intended person contacted or sent to a message is offline, he or she will receive the message when he or she goes online (Darbyshire, 2010).Second, the Google Docs is a free Google application and an online word processor that is web-based and allows for creation, editing and online storage of documents and spreadsheets. There is access to the files, documents, and spreadsheets, created, edited, and stored online using computers provided there are full-featured web browsers and an internet connection. Google Docs both create and format text documents and enables for collaboration with other people in real time. Google Docs allows one to perform such functions as uploading a word document and converting the document to a Google document. In addition, Google Docs allows the users to add formatting and flair to the documents by adjusting colors, spacing, margins, and fonts. Moreover, Google Docs enables people (the users) to invite other people for collaboration purposes on a document edit, review, or access (Darbyshire, 2010). Third, Google sites are the tools for the creation of web pages for the purposes of providing work productivity suites. Google sites enable all people to create sites that are team-oriented where anyone can collaborate and share files with one another. In the Google sites, people can collaborate and work together to add information and file attachments from other Google applications such as YouTube, Picassa, Google Docs, and Google Calendar (Darbyshire, 2010).

Classic airline and marketing solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Classic airline and marketing solution - Essay Example Moreover the management is not able to come to a consensus to resolve the problems. In order to overcome the hazards, this company needs to figure out strategies and plans. Identifying challenges The first step in order to resolve issues is to identify the challenges. One of the main problems faced by this airline is reduction in airline stocks. There is lack of unity among the employees and this has lead to low morale. One of the main problems is that the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Executive Officer of this airline focuses less on marketing and at the same time wants more consumers to use this airlines. Around 20% of the members have stopped using the Classic Reward Frequent Flyer Program. This program is one such programme which recognises the efforts of frequent flyers by allowing them to redeem free tickets on miles. However one of the alarming statistics is that the average number of flights per member has declined to more than 20%. This translates to the fact that Classic Airlines is slowing losing its loyal customers. One of the major challenges which is being faced by all departments is that this company is 15% reduction in costs over the next 18 months. Perspectives of stakeholders and ethical dilemmas The major problems which Classic Airlines is facing are dissatisfied customers, low moral and unity among workers and competition from rival airlines. In order to get this organization back to track urgent strategic decisions need to be formulated with special attention to efficiency, innovation, efficacy and customer service. Classic Airlines expects to provide better quality services at the same airfare and this means that the marketing department needs to extensively and aggressively market the product to attract more customers. Framing the problem Classic airlines must focus on all aspects to ensure that they have better growth and profitability. To achieve this, the organization must be able to forecast market potential and future demand. This can be attained by focusing on long – term marketing goals which can help to reduce challenges. Classic airline must employ internal marketing strategies so that the internal customers are satisfied and work together as a team. Inte rnal marketing suggests that in order to be successful an organization must also emphasise on its internal customers or employees. Service organisations must ensure that the employees have the skill, attitude and commitment needed to meet up with growing customer demands and also sustain loyal customers. In internal marketing employee development is done through training, communication, recruitment, management, coaching and leadership. The company must understand the four elements of services; namely inconsistency, intangibility, inseparability and inventory. These are also known as the four I’s of the services. When discussing the marketing mix of the services the four P’s are important. In order to pursue major marketing goals in the target market, the marketing mix which consists of product, price, promotion and place must be used. The Classic Airlines should offer its customers, competitive prices, invest more on promoting products, improve the quality of the produ cts, enhance the CRM system, and implement new and innovating marketing plans and strategies. The above

Connection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Connection paper - Essay Example For King, his imprisonment became the very reason why he wrote his letter while Thoreau’s imprisonment in a way influenced his perceptions and understanding as well as his courage to express his arguments in his article. The two are principled men who did their best to stand on what they believed in even in the midst of chaos. They both present their discourse on the basis of reason, using quotations from the Bible and well-respected men; seek to be understood, appealing to sense and sensibility of the people concerned who are politicians, Whites, Blacks, and Clergymen as well as discuss just laws, unjust laws, eternal and natural laws. Firstly, the aforementioned freedom fighters reflect in their written works of their influence from the Bible. As a clergyman, it was natural for King to mention God and the Bible but he emphasized how men should work with God to accomplish His purposes here on earth. Despite his co-clergymen’s discourse that the social issues King is fi ghting for are issues that the gospel has no real concern for, he argues that â€Å"human progress comes through the tireless efforts of men willing to be co-workers with God†. ... Such quotations show how Thoreau uses information from the Bible to reflect on the circumstances he is facing. To make their arguments even stronger, the two authors named and quoted other philosophers such as Socrates, St. Augustine, Martin Buber, Confucius and Paley. King claims that he does not seek to go against government while Thoreau stands on the other side of the balance and they both are expressed the reason for their actions. King debated that he and his colleagues have brought their concern to the people in authority for it to be resolved. However, their pleas for equality and just treatment have been disregarded so that they had to resort to taking action. He presented how they have acted with all the discretion in accordance to the circumstances in Birmingham and explained how they finally have to â€Å"create constructive, nonviolent tension which is necessary for growth†. Similarly, Thoreau accounts that he is not a man who is violent in expressing himself but, he â€Å"quietly declares war with the State†, speaking about his reactions to the demands for him to pay â€Å"a certain sum toward the support of a clergyman†. Using the quotations and philosophers mentioned above, the two writers presented their reasonable actions. They effectively explained the principles on which they stand on and tried to persuade their audience using intellectual arguments instead of the violence that they have been perceived to hold. King and Thoreau believe in the existence of unjust laws. King defines and contrasts just and unjust laws to make clear his understanding of the subject. He quotes St. Augustine saying â€Å"an unjust law is no

Impact of internet in marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Impact of internet in marketing - Essay Example Internet marketing, which is called e-tailing in computer-speak, is the selling of retail goods online that radically transformed the existing market structures - mostly for the best (Cassiman & Sieber, 2002). When it was started in 1997 by such companies as Dell Computer, Amazon.com and Auto-by-Tel, many thought it could never replace the traditional mode of face-to-face marketing because of the socially enriching experience of personally touching and appraising the quality of goods you want to buy and haggling with the vendors. This prognostication was proven wrong by the 10 million purchases made online at the initial year, and by 2004, the value of online trade globally reached $3.14 trillion, up from $350.30 billion in 2000 (Andan, 2003). This paper looks into the factors that attracted more and more businesses to online marketing, focusing its attention on the impact of the Internet on the very concept of marketing and the benefits of this specialized type of marketing as compared to traditional brick-and-mortar selling. The study also seeks out the advantages and disadvantages of Internet marketing so that upstart companies planning to bring their marketing activity to the Net will know what to expect and what to avoid. Both new and well-established corporations and small and medium enterprises are turning to the Internet to create new markets and reorganize their existing markets. This marketing platform is ubiquitous and low-cost to make it a potent force for maximizing the growth of any company with some IT knowledge and capability (Kiang & Chi, 2001). All this began in 1990 when the US National Science Foundation approved the use of the Internet for non-academic use, primarily marketing and commerce. It took three years before the worldwide web phenomenon became possible and by 1993 some 5 million people were using the new technology for marketing applications. The number leaped to 62 million in 1997 and by 1998, there were 100 million users around the world. Internet traffic continued to double every 100 days, according to pioneering Internet provider Unmet Technologies, thus drawing the popular observation that the Internet achieved "one of the fastest adoption rates any technology has every experienced (Brynjolfsson & Smith, 2002)." The changes wrought by the Internet is believed even better than the communication revolution effected by the telephone, which established connection between only two or several nodes. The Internet allows the simultaneous exchange of information in digital form among an unlimited number of nodes. At the click of a mouse, any owner of a connected computer can access and create vast amounts of information, images and opinions. The Internet user can even access processes and procedures previously cordoned off in back offices and data processing centers of government agencies and corporations. Today, the popular applications of the Internet in business include online auctions, travel booking, shopping in cybermalls, home banking, online stock trading, insurance and mortgage services (Andan, 2003). It was just a matter of time before the Internet gained acceptance as a modern-day platform for marketing. At least three forces directed the world's attention to the rich possibilities of the

Different Parenting Practices Essay Example for Free

Different Parenting Practices Essay The right parenting style will create healthy, loving children. Parenting involves teaching children how to respect their elders, be obedient, have discipline, as well as provides support and love for your child. There are four identified types of different parenting styles. Which are authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved. The type of style that you choose will determine whether your child will be healthy, as well as, whether a loving relationship develops between you and your child. In this paper, I will discuss the types of parenting styles and the best one to foster healthy children. An authoritarian parent lays down the rules and expects them to be followed without any discussion. These parents are very strict. They don’t allow the child to make choices and they consider what they desire without much consideration of the child’s wishes. Their rules are ridged and inflexible. Children raised by this type of parenting style may become very sheltered with unable to voice their opinions. They may have difficulty with emotional expression, unable to make good decisions which could lead to unhealthy relationships. For example, a child raised by an authoritarian parent, comes home from school and knows that they have to put their backpack in a certain place and what chores must be done. The rules are in place, as well as the expectations for his performance. These children know that there will be consequences if they do not follow these rules. An authoritative parent explains the rules and encourages discussion. This type of parenting style combines the b est qualities of the authoritarian and permissive parenting style. These parents spend time with his/her child and explain why certain behavior is wrong and the appropriate behavior prior to administering any type of punishment. They are more reasonable and less demanding of their own way and they consider the wishes of their children. They are patient and trust their children. They promote decision making in the child and oversee their decisions. Children who experience this type of parenting style are typically well balanced, have values and a sense of right and wrong. For example, if a child was to break curfew, the authoritative parent would discuss the potential harms of staying out and then discipline the child. They would most likely involve the child in the type of punishment they would receive. The permissive parent punishes infrequently. These parents are a direct contrast to the authoritarian parent. These parents have very few rules and are extremely flexible. Rules for these parents are not a primary focus. They tend to be more of a friend to their child than a parent. These parents often foster children who do what they want, when they want without thinking about the consequences. They have excessive freedom with very little limitations. These parents focus on pleasing their child regardless of their behaviors. These children are in control of the parents and the household. For example, a child of a permissive parent is not required to place their items in a certain place and rarely receive any consequences for not performing chores or making messes. An uninvolved parent only provides for the basis physical and emotional need and nothing else. Uninvolved describes these parents. They are not involved with their children and they do not discipline them. These parents often neglect their children. Children with these types of parents typically have poor social skills and behavioral choices. There appears to be a correlation between the lack of support they receive at home and their poor social and behavioral skills. For example, a child will seek their parent’s attention and may create problems at home and in school to get that attention. Despite the problems, their parents still ignore them and are not emotionally available. I believe that the authoritative parents have the most effective parenting style. Primarily because it allows time for discussion between the parents and their children. In my opinion, all children need discipline. However they benefit most from explanations of what they did wrong and redirection to assist them to make better choices. Authoritative parents listen to their children and encourage independence. It appears that this type of parenting style leads to successful children. In my opinion, one of the most important aspects of parenting would be the art of compromise which leads to healthy lives for children.

Social Networking Essay Example for Free

Social Networking Essay A social networking site can be defined as an online service that is based around the building and reflecting of social relations among individuals with common interests or social ties. Social networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace and Twitter are all different, yet the one main feature they have is that they enable users to create a profile within the website to represent themselves and allows users to interact through email, instant messaging and other communication channels within the site. The popularity and growth of social networking sites over the past years has been massive, as many people from all over the world join the social phenomenon for varied reasons. Today, there are more than 500 million active users on Facebook. As the technology advances, social networking sites have an even bigger impact on society and human relationships, both positive and negative. This paper argues that social networking sites have a negative influence on people of all ages, increase cyber bullying, personal insecurities and weaken strong personal ties as well as increase identity theft and other privacy issues and a decrease in our face to face social skills. This demonstrates that social networks do in fact cause more harm than good. Identity theft is a huge problem in today’s society and has come about as a result of the rapid expansion and availability of internet technology and the increase in personal data found on social networking sites. MySpace, Facebook and Twitter cause identity theft in two mains ways. The first being is that they encourage you to ‘edit your profile’ which includes adding your interests, full name, where you live, your email address and even personal details like your phone number an relationship status. The more information you have on your profile about you, the easier it is for identity thieves to claim they are you. The second main issue is the privacy settings on these social networking sites also help relieve personal fraud. Although there are built in features that allow users to change their privacy settings and not allow other users to view such personal details, these settings are never default, so that users are usually unaware how much information they are sharing not only with their friends, but with the rest of the world. This is why it is important for users of social networks to be aware of the stuff they are making available online and of the ways that is can potentially be used. Furthermore another privacy issue that social networking sites face is that  they encourage users to over share very private information that can easily be used against them. For example Facebook has a new thing where you can ‘check-in’ at wherever it is you may be and notifies users which gives thieves and strangers the advantage of robbing someone’s house while they are out. There is now a website called â€Å"Please rob me† that was set up to raise awareness about over-sharing and highlights these kinds of privacy issues that social networks create. In this respect social networks like these pose serious privacy concerns. Cyber bullying refers to bullying through emails, mobile phone text messages, phone calls, internet chat rooms, instant messaging and most importantly social networking websites such as MySpace and Facebook. Although cyber bullying is not physical, it’s emotional and psychological effects are devastating for the victim and can often lead to suicide and depression. Cyber bulling in terms of social networks is a huge issue because more than 50% of American teens use social networking sites. Online bullying is often seen as the easy way out. Social Networking sites are a place where bullies can say things they wouldn’t usually say to someone in person, but are still just as hurtful. Bullies feel more confident online because they can contact their victims at anytime and they have no one there defending them. There have been many teens on the news in recent years because they have committed suicide due to cyber bullying. It is clear that social networking aids in the prominence of cyber bulling which is just one of the negative impacts that social working sites has on society today. The way we communicate with our peers and with strangers over the internet is changing. Another negative impact that social networks have on our relationships is the fact that while we strengthen the ties we have with people we hardly ever get to see, we are weakening our ties to the people who are close to us which brings about physical social isolation. This idea of constantly being connected is awful in the way that personal interactions between friends are more superficial than they were before Facebook and other social networking sites. Users also let more time pass between face to face encounters because they feel like they are connected because they can see what a friend is doing from their Facebook pag e. A college student found that nearly 70% of users report reading posts from someone close to them that seemed upset and even though students would offer support in some way, they wouldn’t make a personal visit. It is clear  that the rise of social networks has increased social and emotional isolation and diluted the strength our human relationships. As social networking sites become more popular by the day, the rise of negative social effects within our society also greaten. We have and will keep seeing people being cyber bullied; more cases of identity theft and additional privacy problems. We will also see our strong relationships turn into amore superficial and convenient type of relationship. Social networking sites have had a huge negative impact on our mental and social health and will continue to do so into the future, if we let it. It is also now evident that social networking sites cause all these problems, and without them they wouldn’t exist. Therefore it is true that all these social networking do cause more harm than good.

The War on Drugs: Illegal Opium Markets

The War on Drugs: Illegal Opium Markets Introduction Opium (and opioids) which are obtained from the sap of the poppy plant have routinely been used to control pain in countries throughout the world over many centuries. Opium, also, has historically been used in a social context illustrated by the opium dens in China which has lead to it becoming a trade-able commodity with high values over recent eras. Opioids have therefore developed both legal and illegal global markets and through studying where this stands in society both now and historically it will assist the reader to interpret what is determined to be crime and subsequently justice. The notion of Crime has traditionally been regarded as an offence which goes beyond the personal and into the public sphere, breaking prohibitory rules or laws, to which legitimate punishments are attached and what a society considers to be a crime is socially constructed (Scott Marshall, 2009). Crime, however must not be considered in isolation and can be defined by the power inequalities amongst stakeholders in both how local and global relations cause tensions or aid policies and practice which result in violence, the so called white-collar crime. Wars have been attributed to the opium trade and these contested matters on both individual and national levels cause both social and personal harms (The Open University, 2009(a)). In order to critically analyse opiate use we must understand what constitutes legal and illegal drug use. Legal use can be considered to be prescription drugs, drugs available over the counter (OTC) and other socially accepted means whereas in contrast what is construed to be illegal has constantly in flux and is determined by those in power who attempt to isolate and control behaviours that are out-with social norms (The Open University, 2009 (b)). It is perhaps not by coincidence then that throughout history certain cultures, communities and specific groups have been actively targeted and by penal measures in the justice system or other socially constructed ones held accountable for wrongdoings whereas those in power both in (inter)national corporations and governments have often remained unaccountable for their actions. The war on drugs, who does it really affect? The link between global relations and the illegal opium markets have recurring themes through history. War is one of these and in America in the 1970s there was a real threat to the stability of the preceding government so a decision was made by President Richard Nixon to declare a nationwide war on drugs across the whole of America. Under the guise of this war the regime targeted dissident groups including the Black Panthers and those who canvassed support against the Vietnam War (The Open University, 2009(c)). Wars have both intended and unintended consequences, in this case the government has assisted indirectly in encouraging more violent traits with emerging gangs seeking fresh territory in order to traffic drugs illegally (The Open University, 2009,(c)). On a local level drug trade can be essential for the community to be self-sufficient, especially in poverty stricken areas and those with higher crime and deprivation levels. Such complex relations and competing power balances allow for corruptness to occur in high level positions of authority therefore benefiting those who are involved in dealing or importation, the counter argument provided by individuals living in these deprived areas of Afghanistan are that if work was provided, housing and other human essentials then they wouldnt need to be involved in illegal activities. It is clear that these communities are treated less favourably than more powerful corporations and governments who also break or influence the law. Crime involving drugs are generally associated with anti-social groups, the underclass or those with low income as opposed to the wealthier and subsequently more influential classes, therefore there is just cause in suggesting that class bias occurs when treatment is needed involving opioids. A further relative example is that in the USA black people were, and remain, disproportionally represented in the jails (The Open University, 2009(c)). Why are the powerful able to get away with Crime? The powerful, those with money, those in high positions or with influential sway are seemingly able to get away with crimes which affect locals, crimes against humanity, they hold the responsibility for punishing and regulating others. The question that must be asked is who regulates them? The truth is that they arent and if they are found at fault the problem can be made to go away. The Open University (2009, (b)) argue that there is there is a clear difference between how the justice system treats the perceived legal and illegal elements. There appears to be no regulation in how the pharmaceutical industry can be allowed without question to be involved in the Prescription Drug User Fee Act from 1992 which is linked to the Food and Drug Administration, therefore its accountability to be examined. From this it is clear that large influential corporations whom evade any punishment through the justice system, but internal corruption is more prevalent due to the lack of regulation or risk of punitive sanction within the trade. Corruption is a key area in how corporations and the illegal hierarchy together are able to by-pass the justice system allowing for the trading in opiates to continue despite strict measures attempting to prevent it (The Open University, 2009(b)). Another example in quantitative terms of justice being avoided is highlighted when Purdue Pharma, an international company was fined $600 million because they had deliberately misled their customers by stating that Oxycontin was less addictive that other competitors products. This deception caused several people to lose their lives and many people to subsequently become addicted, all from what consumer would of believed to be a reputable organisation (The Open University, 2009(b)). Again no custodial terms were handed out to the persons responsible which is in stark contrast to the less powerful groups who in the main are targeted as being accountable. This also demonstrates how the global (international) can affect the local (national). Global relations in the form of large corporations and drug cartels, those who together both distribute drugs when analysed actually are more similar that dissimilar, together they want to: provide a reputable service leading to repeat custom; sell their product (often for a profit); manage the risk of harm, violence or penal sanction by having management structures in place, for example those at the top have the most assets but are never seen getting their hands dirty, where the foot soldiers are placing themselves at the higher end of the risk spectrum increase professionalism in product manufacture and marketing (The Open University, 2009(b)) Why do drugs go where the trade goes? The production and use of opium has a complex interrelationship with the 19th Century colonisation where the British began to import opiates into China from its Indian colonies. The Chinese Emperor banned this import of opium due to his country suffering high addiction levels. The British government believed in free trade and took action to ensure that the Chinese would accept opium imports whether it was legal or not (The Open University, 2009(b)). Because Britain was able to exercise this power it continued to be detrimental to China. Ironically centuries later the British Prime Minister Tony Blair cited the same example the Chinese emperor had used in that Britain was being harmed therefore it was necessary to start military action in Afghanistan in order to destroy the Afghanistan opium crops. Both times our government was answerable for causing harm to another nation but not held at legal or moral fault. Instead it was held that it served as in the interest of the nation rather than criminally wrong (The Open University, 2009(b)). Trade boundaries in global affairs are not only influenced by their respective governments. Both Turkey and India contribute to the destruction of Opium crops in Afghanistan and consequentially by restricting this market globally they have control over pricing of opioids, as opposed to higher competition lowering the cost of each unit. Violent clashes followed involving the farmers and government officials but this action only harmed locals by physical violence but taking their only available source of income. By examining Tajikistan which is a country lying to the north of Afghanistan it will assist in understanding how illegal trafficking occurs. It has isolated borders and no road networks between border nations but it is the gateway to the rest of Asia and then Europe. The Tajikistan authorities seize more illegal shipments than all the other Asian counties together (The Open University, 2009(c)). When the Soviet Union collapsed, Tajikistan was devastated and they were exposed to incentives to support illegal activities by trafficking drugs. This meant that more drugs are freely available which has altered the patterns of consumption and the need for stronger drugs like heroin. Global trade in different cultures and countries therefore affects both the illegal and legal methods of importation and drug usage / dependency (The Open University, 2009(a)). Tajikistan itself is a large scale drug industry that again shows how corruption at all levels of society and particular within the police and governments i.e. Border guards and their senior officers demonstrates a blurring of who is at fault, social harms are being created at all levels and if faced with the option to survive or not locals are always going to be found at fault by influential officials (The Open University, 2009(b)). Conclusion Today, we live in a world of global trade and national exchange. I have demonstrated that where open trade occurs then so does the illegal drug market, you cant have open trade and no drugs. Crime is therefore to be considered as a global concern not a local one. In critically reviewing both legal and illegal opium markets it is fair to argue that the power disparities within localities allows for social harms to be created, on a global level what takes place in one country can have a direct impact on another leading to violence and damaged communities. Power is a key theme and is shown during the closing of the Chinese boundaries but Britain still continued to force trading relations alongside the destruction of communities in the USA, Tajikistan and Afghanistan as a result of poverty and corruptness by authorities. The definition of crime at the start is given as its socially constructed and personal, this essay opens up this theory and shows that crime through illegal and legal methods of opioid use is actually a global concern; Tajikistan following Soviet collapse shows the global implications of Crime and Justice. Approximately 1750 words not including the question or brackets. Types of Abuse: Domestic, Financial and Technological Types of Abuse: Domestic, Financial and Technological Abuse occurs when people mistreat or misuse other people. Abusive behaviors are used to manipulate others. But the uncommon types of abuse are just as important as the common ones. They include economic, academic, and psychological abuse. Economic abuse is a form of abuse when one intimate partner has control over the other partners access to economic resources, which diminishes the victims capacity to support him/herself and forces him/her to depend on the perpetrator financially. Economic and financial abuse. Examples of economic abuse are removing or keeping property without consent, dispasing of property against another persons wishes and without lawful excuse, preventing access to joint financial assets, such as a joint bank account for the purposes of meeting normal household expenses. Economic abuse can include an abuser preventing victims from working and accessing bank accounts, credit cards or transportation among other isolating tactics as mentioned before. Money gives us a voice but most survivors of abuse already feel silenced by their experience. Lack of money intensifies feelings of being trapped, developed and alone. People living below the poverty line are the most vulnerable to economic abuse. For those manage to escape the abuse and survive initially, they often face overwhelming odds in obtaining long term security and safety, ruined credit scores, sporadic employment histories and legal issues caused by the battering make it extremely difficult to gain independence safety and long term security. Getting out of economic abuse involves opening separate bank accounts from the abuser. Creating a private account or find a safe place to store cash since saving up in and itself can trigger abuse, victims are tasked with finding ways to make and save money without the abuser finding out. Dean emphasizes that someones ability to save money will depend on the degree to which their adviser exerts control over them. For someone who is bei ng watched 24/7 the money saving process may be much slower. As with any abusive relationship victims must consider their safety after theyve left. Stopping economic abuse is an extremely complicated task because each familys financial situation and relationship is different. Economic abuse is rarely talked about and misunderstood by people but we simply cant afford to talk about it anymore.. Technology abuse is digital partner violence when technology is used such as cell-phones, computers, and location technologies to bully, harass, stalk or intimidate a partner. Often this behavior is a form verbal or emotional abuse perpetrated online, through texts, calls Etc. The internet is one of the most popular dynamics shaping our social, intellectual and moral spheres. The internet empowers individuals with immediate information to collaborate, engage, and participate. Technology abuse is extremely common in abusive relationships. Abusers often misuse technology as a way to control and monitor, or humans victims. Many states have responded to this misuse of technology by passing specific laws to address the behaviors. In other states these acts can come under criminal laws such as harassment, stalking, eavesdropping, unlawful surveillance, etc. There are different types of technology abuse such as sexting, which is the act of sending and receiving sexually explicit text messa ges, photographs or videos mainly through a mobile device. There Is always a risk that a sext could be shared or distributed with additional people electronically without your consent. Another is impersonation, impersonation generally refers to when someone uses a false identity and commits acts that will result in personal gain or that will deceive or harm another person. Some states have laws that criminize impersonating another person with the intent to defraud someone. One more example of technology abuse is Electronic surveillance. Electronic surveillance is a broad term used to describe when someone watches another person actions or monitors a persons conversations without his/her knowledge or consent by using one or more electronic device. Electronic surveillance can be done by misusing cameras, recorders, wiretaps, social media, or email. It can also be done by the misuse of monitoring software (Known as Spyware) which can be installed on a computer, tablet, or smartphone to secretly monitor the activity without users knowledge. Young people are increasingly being subjected to technology abuse. Teen violence prevention organization day one says half of the people ages 14-24 have experienced it. Lesbians, gays bisexuals users are more than twice as likely than straight users, to experience abuse online. The study found that also men and women are subject to similar levels of abuse, the attacks on women were often of a more serious nature of the 20 categories of harassment the researchers looked at. Men were most likely to report being called names and being embarrassed online. Psychological abuse (also referred as psychological violence, emotional abuse or mental abuse) is a form of abuse, characterized by a person subjecting, or exposing another person to behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological abuse is common and yet few understand the psychological abuse definition enough to spot it without the visible signs of physical abuse can stay hidden for years. Psychological abuse though can be just as worse as physical abuse. psychological abuse can affect your inner thoughts and feelings as well as exert control over your life. You feel uncertain of the world around you, and unsafe in your own home, physiological abuse can destroy intimate relationship with yourself psychological abuse also applies to children and may impair their development into a healthy adult. The abuse signs and symptoms may start small at first as the abuser test the waters to see what the other person will accept, but before long the psychological abuse builds into something that can be frightening and threating. Signs include name calling, yelling, insulting the person, threating the person or something that is important to them, ignoring, isolating the excluding them from meaningful events. CITATIONS Campbell, Rebecca. Code to Inspire: Bitcoin Gives Afghan Women Financial Freedom. Bitcoin Magazine. N.p., 14 Apr. 2016. Web. 23 Mar. 2017. Written by Britni De La Cretaz.Britni Has Also Written: How Budgeting Improved My Relationship, Making Financial Amends in Alcoholics Anonymous and My Shopping Addiction Nearly Destroyed My Life More from This Author. How to Rebuild After Escaping Financial Abuse. Daily Worth. N.p., 28 Jan. 2017. Web. 23 Mar. 2017. Technological Abuse, Harassment on the Rise for Teens. CBS News. CBS Interactive, 22 Oct. 2016. Web. 23 Mar. 2017. Tracy, Natasha. Psychological Abuse: Definition, Signs and Symptoms. Healthy Place. N.p., July-Aug. 2012. Web. Mar.-Apr. 2017. Soong, Jennifer. When Technology Addiction Takes Over Your Life. WebMD. WebMD, 12 Nov. 2011. Web. 23 Mar. 2017.

Domination of the Innocent Female in Eliza Fenwick’s Secresy :: Essays Papers

Domination of the Innocent Female in Eliza Fenwick’s Secresy Eliza Fenwick’s novel Secresy portrays the image of an innocent female that is kept locked up and out of the social world; the problems that arise when this innocent female attempts to break out of this social location reveals the major oppression of the female society in the late 18th century. Females are kept in their own social sphere through oppression by males, and when secluded females enter into male spheres they cannot endure this change and end up severely damaged or dead. Eliza Fenwick’s Secresy shows the seclusion, oppression, escape, and death of Sibella, the innocent female. Eliza Fenwick’s Secresy clearly shows a seclusion of the innocent female, Sibella. Sibella’s seclusion from society is a prevalent theme in late eighteenth century literature; a theme of â€Å"public men† and â€Å"private women† (Stafford 138). The idea is that men are expected to be part of more social locations than the domestic and controllable women. Many â€Å"proper† female writers at the time felt that women should not be a part of a â€Å"worldly† society as Wakefield firmly stated â€Å"it is inadmissible for women to mix in the public haunts of men,† and women should not risk their â€Å"delicacy, reserve, and moral purity† by venturing into a â€Å"worldly† society (Stafford 139). Women should not be a part of this male society and the only â€Å"safe place† for young women is â€Å"domestic privacy†; secluding themselves from the haunts of the â€Å"worldly† society and protecting themse lves from the faults of â€Å"public† men (Stafford 139). Sibella is fully secluded from society; she has very little outside contact and is almost a pure example of â€Å"domestic privacy.† Not having a â€Å"worldly† education, Sibella is kept in seclusion and does not understand social workings; she therefore relies on her only friend to reveal the workings of the world to her. Caroline Ashburn is Sibella’s only friend and is fully exposed to a â€Å"worldly† society from the beginnings of her life; therefore, she is not innocent in the sense of Sibella’s location and can deal with the male society. Caroline reveals the world to Sibella and exposes Sibella to her own oppression by the dominant male figures in her life. The revelation of Sibella’s oppression to herself begins a process of rebellion against her oppressors in an effort to enjoy a â€Å"worldly† society. Sibella is considered irrational by her oppressor, her Uncle Valmont.

Juvenile Delinquency Essays -- Youth Crime essays research papers

Juvenile Delinquency There is no doubt that various experts can give us many theories as to the causes of juvenile delinquency, including one's economic background, substance abuse, delinquent peer groups, repeated exposure to violence, increased availability of firearms and media violence. However, I feel that the number one cause of juvenile delinquency is the breakdown of families, including lack of parental control over children. It is ironic in America, today, one must have a driver's license to operate a vehicle, a permit to own a gun and even a license to own a dog, but one does not have to have training or a license in order to become a parent. Without specialized educational programs in child development and parenting, many of our future parents will not have a chance at becoming successful parents and worse, yet, many parents today are already contributing to the ever-increasing problem of juvenile delinquency simply by not knowing how to be parents. Being a parent is a lifelong commitment and new parents must learn parenting skills immediately; they do not have the luxury of internships and often times, mistakes in parenting will have drastic effects on the child. There are many reasons for the widespread crisis in families today. Below are some of those causes: Changes in the Social Environment - there have been many changes in our social environment over the last twenty-five years. These changes have made a risky environment for today's youth. Children and teenagers spend more time with peer groups than ever before. Drugs and deadly weapons are used increasingly as ways to solve problems. Illicit and explicit sexuality and violence are the main subjects of choice in the media; and the impact of media influence has widened and become more vivid with the introduction of computers, video games, portable stereos and MTV. Changes in Family Structure and Functioning - The prevalence of divorce and the increasing number of women in the workplace have reduced the number of adults who provide interaction, structure and supervision in a child's life. Along with this, institutions have not kept pace in providing alternative programs for unsupervised kids. Add to this new parenting expectations that come with single parent and step-parent families and you now have a confusing, often inconsistent and/or unreliable home base for children. Confusion... ... Reference Page 1. Kortege, Carglyn. Parenthood Training Promoted. The Register Guard. Des Moines, IA www.os/c.org/InTheNews/parenthood 2. Child Abuse Prevention Network, "Moral Development and Boys, James Garbarino, PH.D www.child.cornell.edu/npr.violentboys 3. Conseur, Amy, Rivera, Frederick P., Baronski, Robert and Irvin, Emanuel, "Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Later Delinquency." Pediatrics, June, 1997, v. 99, p 785 (6) 4. Berg, Stacie Zoe, "High Praise For Strict Parenting," Insight on the News, Sept. 1, 1997, v 13, n 32, p. 43 (1) 5. Encarta Online Deluxe, Juvenile Crime www.encarta.msn.com/encart 6. Alternatives For Parents Who Have Lost Control www.fbcbaytown.org/parents 7. Boostrom, Ron, "Enduring Issues in Criminology - Opposing Viewpoints," Greenhaven Press, Inc., P.O. Box 289009, San Diego, CA 92198-9009, p. 121-125, 173-174, 180 8. MacKenzie, D.L. 1997, Criminal Justice and Crime Prevention. In Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn't, What Looks Promising (A Report to the United States Congress), eds. L.W. Sherman, D. Gottfredson, D.MacKenzie, J. Eck, P. Reuter and S. Bushway, Washington, D.C. - National Institute of Justice

The Power of Place :: Essays Papers

The Power of Place â€Å"The main thing is to root politics in place. The affinity for home permits a broad reach in the process of coalition building. It allows strange bedfellows to find one another. It allows worldviews to surface and change. It allows politics to remain an exercise in hope. And it allows the unthinkable to happen sometimes.† Allen Thein Durning, This Place on Earth , P.249 The concept of place, home and community is a transnational and trans-community concept. Human places have just recently been given political boundaries. Previously, human boundaries were determined the same way that animal, plant, and ecosystem boundaries were defined. They were defined by ecology and they were defined by geography of region and hemisphere. Tony Hiss Author of The Experience of Place brings to our attention that as humans â€Å"We react, consciously or unconsciously, to the places where we live and work, in ways we scarcely notice or that are only now becoming known to us†¦In short, the places where we spend our time affect the people we are and can become.† Place defines characteristics in both human and extended moral communities. Place is not necessarily specific to gender, race, generation or specie. This understanding and recognition of place is fundamental when thinking about institutionalizing ecological and social responsibility. Because of human and nonhuman connections to specific places including knowledge, experience and community, using a sense of place and permanence as a green transnational multilateral initiative could be a successful step towards green democracy and ecological citizenship. Robyn Eckersley offers the suggestion of a constitutionally entrenched principle that would enhance ecological and social responsibility: the precautionary principle. I suggest connecting localized, place-specific boundaries with the principle. This addition is meant to aid in fostering ecological citizenship, expanding the moral community, and creating a responsible society. This addition would also be meant to unite a transnational issue that all nations could agree upon. This would create a binding multilateral principle that would be thoroughly accepting of specific ecological needs and characteristics of specific places. In short, the big picture of an international perspective needs the resolution of the peculiarities of place that can't be emphasized in a global viewpoint. The second major international environmental conference was held in Rio de Janeiro, in 1992. It was at Rio that the precautionary principle first became known to the public. Called principle 15, the precautionary principle provided that: â€Å"Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation† (p.

Native Americans in “The Pearl” by John Steinbeck Essay

Steinbeck’s The Pearl is one of his most intriguing pieces. Steinbeck manages to fit many different ideas into a short novella that is under a hundred pages. However, what makes The Pearl truly a great book is his critique of colonial society, and the interaction of Native Americans and colonists. Steinbeck emphasizes the differences between the colonists and the native Indians by using such symbols as the relationship between town and village, education, and instinct. Steinbeck also shows that he views changing one’s station, or attempting to, as foolish and impossible, but that trying to is needed to provide an example for others. Steinbeck uses the differences between town and village as a metaphor for the differences between the colonists and the Native Americans. Steinbeck shows how he uses the stark differences between the huts of the Native Americans and the grand villas of the colonists in the following quote:†They came to the place where the brush houses stopped and the city of stone and plaster began, the city of harsh outer walls and inner cool gardens where a little water played and the bougainvillea crusted where walls with purple and brick-red and white.† (Steinbeck, pg. 8) In this quote, Steinbeck emphasizes the stark difference between the village, made of simple materials, and the town, made of expensive materials. Steinbeck also uses the town’s buildings as a metaphor for the people within, as Steinbeck describes the buildings as having â€Å"harsh outer walls,† but having â€Å"inner cool gardens.† This could be a metaphor for the people within the building, portraying the people inside them as, at once, very kind and nice, but only once those walls had been let down. This shows the colonists as being very xenophobic, and being kind to their own race but â€Å"harsh† to other races. Steinbeck reinforces the idea that the colonists were living better than the Native Americans in the following quote:†The procession left the brush houses and entered the stone and plaster city where the streets were a little wider and there was a narrow pavement beside the buildings.† (Steinbeck, pg. 47)Steinbeck shows that the Native Americans saw the colonists’ living conditions as better than theirs, and that the streets were â€Å"a little wider,† which could be seen as a commentary for most things, and that in most things, what the colonists lived â€Å"a little† better.  Steinbeck here tells us, and when combined with the quote above, the colonists are living better than the Native Americans. Because the colonists have plenty of resources, and the Native Americans are not living in the luxury of the colonists, it indicates an unfair share of wealth, which is oddly skewed in the favor of the colonists. This reinforces the already presented ide a that the colonists are, overall, living better than the Native Americans. Steinbeck’s next way to differentiate between the colonists and the Native Americans is using their instinctual actions. Steinbeck shows that the colonists and Native Americans are instinctively different, thus he attempts to give an excuse, or perhaps a reason, for the differences between them, and their outcomes. Steinbeck explores into the instinctual differences between the Native Americans and the colonists in the following quotes:†There was sorrow in Kino’s rage, but this last thing had tightened him beyond breaking. He was an animal now, for hiding, for attacking, and he lived only to protect himself and his family†¦ [despite his need for a canoe,]†¦never once did it occur to him to take one of the canoes of his neighbor.† (Steinbeck, pg. 42) â€Å"He could kill the doctor more easily than he could talk to him, for all of the doctor’s race spoke to all of Kino’s race as though they were simple animals.† (Steinbeck, pg. 9)Once again, we can see the recurring theme that the Native Americans have become whatever the colonists mold them to be, and as seen in the second quote, Steinbeck says that â€Å"the doctor’s race spoke to all of Kino’s race as though they were simple animals†¦,† and Steinbeck says in the first quote that Kino â€Å"was an animal now†¦.† This shows that Kino, and his people as a whole, have become what the colonists have made them, and that they have become whatever the colonists wished them to be. This shows that the colonists control every facet of Native American life, and that anything that they want to be done will be done. Steinbeck shows that the colonists have been raised with the instinctive belief that they were above the Native Americans, and that they were better than the Native Americans:†Have I got nothing better to do than cure insect bites for ‘little Indians’? I am a doctor, not a veterinary.† (Steinbeck,  pg. 11)This shows that the doctor thought that the Indians were â€Å"animals,† and because of the fact that the colonists have been molding the Indians beliefs, the Indians thought that they were animals, perhaps resulting in the instinctive animal behavior. Steinbeck says in the previous quote that the colonists treated â€Å"Kino’s race† like that, so perhaps it has become an instinctual reaction to the oppression of the colonists. Steinbeck says that Kino was an animal who â€Å"lived only to protect himself and his family,† showing that he did it as an instinctive defense, and that he only becomes an animal to protect his family. Steinbeck also emphasizes that Kino becomes his animal alias only when he needs to hide or protect himself. This shows that Kino’s people have developed this as a natural defense, and its use is only for defense. This also shows that his people developed it for need of defense, and that continual need of protection is the only reason such a protection would be needed, and there is only one source for this continuous onslaught, and that is the colonists. Steinbeck also goes so far as to say that the instinctive animal that Kino becomes retains all of the qualities that Kino retains, even so far as his lack of will to steal from his own kind. This shows that Kino’s alias does not seek survival of Kino as a person, but Kino’s race as a whole. He is unwilling to take from his people, as his alias is unwilling to damage itself. If his alias is for the protection of a whole group of people, then they must be under attack from a large group of people, giving us the structure of the assumption that the colonist society persecutes the Native Americans and the Native Americans have developed instincts for their protection. â€Å"†¦the strangers came with argument and authority and gunpowder to back up both. And in the four hundred years [since,] Kino’s people had learned only one defense- a slight slitting of the eyes and a slight tightening of the lips and a retirement. Nothing could break down this wall, and they could remain whole within the wall.† (Steinbeck, pg. 17)In this quote Steinbeck shows another instinct, reclusion behind an inner shell, the creation of which has been directly linked to the coming of colonist society. However,  this reaction shows more of the actual standpoint of the Native American society, as reactive, and unable to be proactive. This reactivity means that the situation will remain the same, and if this was the way that Kino’s ancestors were and will be, then this situation will remain the same until stopped by outside intervention. This also shows that the Native American society has chosen to preserve itself within their shell, and to submit outside of it. Whenever attacked outside of the shell, they shelter inside their shell of refusal to change, as shown in the above quote. This results in the situation remaining a perfect clone of the situation that it was when it started, resulting in continuing colonist oppression. If the only place that they can take refuge is within personal shell, then they cannot control anything outside their shell, and they are therefore powerless outside their shell. The colonist society, as a whole, exerts their control over the Native American population using the yoke of education. â€Å"This is our one chance†¦ [our son] must break out of the pot that holds us in.† (Steinbeck, pg. 103)Steinbeck here shows what that the Native Americans see lack of education as a â€Å"pot that holds us in.† This also shows that they do not get any chances to learn, for if they did, then they would have more than â€Å"one chance.† As the only way they can learn is to be taught by an educated person, and the only educated people are the colonists, the colonists must be withholding education. This shows that the colonists might be intentionally trying to keep the Native Americans in their â€Å"pot.† It is also interesting that this â€Å"pot† is probably the same as the â€Å"shell† that the Native Americans hide in. â€Å"He did not know, and perhaps this doctor did. And he could not take the chance of pitting his certain ignorance against this man’s possible knowledge. He was trapped as his people were always trapped, and would be until†¦ they could be sure that the things in the books were really in the books.† (Steinbeck, pg. 76)This shows an example of how the colonists use education to control the Native American population. â€Å"He was trapped as his  people were always trapped, and would be until†¦they could be sure that the things in the books were really in the books.† This specific sub-phrase shows how his people trusted the books as reliable sources, information that the colonists must have planted. If the colonists planted the knowledge that the books were reliable, being the only people who could read the books, anything and everything that they said about the books, if not a lie, was true. And as the Native Americans did not know when people were lying, anything that a colonist said could be definitely accurate, or a lie. The risk seemed too much and the Native Americans usually did as they said, as Kino does, because they are afraid of matching their â€Å"certain ignorance against [the colonists’] possible knowledge.†Steinbeck also continually shows that the colonists use their control of religion, through their knowledge of education, as another way of controlling the Native American populace. â€Å"It was a good idea, but it was against religion†¦The loss of the pearl[s] was a punishment visited on those who tried to leave their station. And the father made it clear that each man and woman is†¦a soldier sent by god to guard some part†¦of the Universe†¦.But each one must remain faithful to his post and must not go running about, else the castle is in danger from the assaults of Hell†¦.† (Steinbeck, pg. 42)This shows that the colonists use their knowledge of religion, due to their reading ability, to keep the Native Americans thinking that they are doing God’s will, or, if they believe otherwise, do so out of fear of being incorrect. The colonists tell the Native Americans that they have to stay in their current position in life, living as poor peasants who treat the colonists as royalty, because that that is God’s will. Because the Native Americans are unsure of what is correct, they take what is, to them, the safer approach, b y doing as the colonists say. The colonists also bring in faith, by saying that if they are not faithful to their post, and thus not faithful to their religion, which would be considered blasphemy by the religious Native Americans, then they would be in danger of the attack from the â€Å"assaults of hell,† which could be  interpreted as going to hell, which the religious Native Americans would be very afraid of. â€Å"†¦I heard him make that sermon†¦he makes it every year.†This shows that the colonists try to keep the Native Americans in line, and that it is, again, a group effort and that the entire colonist community works as one in achieving their goal, the exploitation of the Native American society. This also shows that they do this repeatedly, and probably have for been using the same methods for centuries. This also shows that this oppression is not a one-time thing, and that it is a continuous, calculated, malicious oppression of a race. Steinbeck has shown throughout The Pearl his opinions on the differences between the colonists and the Native Americans by showing their relationship, as the type of relationship is based upon the differences of its members. Steinbeck shows this through the differences between town and village, instinct, and education. Steinbeck portrays the colonists as aggressive, abusive, and manipulative throughout the book, especially towards the Native Americans. The Native Americans are portrayed as obedient, acknowledgeable, and living as underlings for the colonist society. The Pearl by John Steinbeck. The Viking Press & William Heinemann, 1947. ISBN: 0-14-017737-X

The Hurt Man

â€Å"The Hurt Man â€Å"is a short story written by Wendell Berry taking place in the late asses. The childhood memories of the man Mat Filter are described from a third person narrator whose omniscience is limited to Mat.The fact that the narrator is able to give away information regarding much later events such as â€Å"she would begin to matter to him a great deal in a dozen of years, and after that she would matter to him all his life â€Å"of course referring to Margaret; Mat's coming wife gives the reader the opportunity to reflect on the current events with the future events in mind to each a greater understanding and later conclusion of the story. â€Å"The Hurt Man â€Å"takes on a very traditional short story form. First the characters are described then the setting.After that the banalities and dangers of Port William are portrayed followed by a trigger to lead on the story in a dramatic order: a hurt man arrives bleeding at the house of the five year old narrator a nd his mother. At first the title of the story seems easily analyzable and one might think that the story it called â€Å"The Hurt Man† only because of the hurt man it among other things revolves around. But I live it could also be referring to changes in Mat and how his innocence is taken away when learning of pain through the mother's care of the man. The setting of the story plays a decisive role as well.As stated initially, Mat grew up in a rather tumultuous and harsh setting where disputes were mostly settled out of court with violence; a town in which the â€Å"proof of mortality would be given in blood†. Here a noteworthy word â€Å"mortality â€Å"occurs for the first time in the story and almost from the beginning. The usage of the word mortality later becomes an essential part of the story and Port William. It is also told that the three deceased siblings of Mat are resting at the town's graveyard and their headstones became an immortal proof of their tough and short life in Port William.The mother was a strong and seemingly independent woman. She was treated with respect from the friends of the hurt man first when she stopped them to ask them who they were and secondly when she delegated the different task in an attempt to save the hurt man. Even though she had previously lost 3 of her children at very young ages much like her present son she did not hesitate to let him experience the airdrops of life first handedly. After all such experiences are necessary when growing up especially at that age.Of course she was concerned about his wellbeing to a certain motherly degree also did she love him. So she kept an eye on him but also let him grew up like any other child. Especially on Saturdays did she watch out for him since the town had a tendency to turn additionally disorderly that day. So in contrast Mat's mother is very similar to the mother of Creeps in â€Å"The Soldiers Home â€Å". Both of them want to protect their child but t hey don't want their protection to be arced on them they would rather have their children experience hardships and progress in life.The fact that it is two completely different situations and ages their children are affected by is secondary. The important part is their motherly care and the experiences they let their children have for the better on the long run. Mat was surprised when the mother almost without hesitation let the man inside their house. He was not afraid of man or the blood on his face and body. But if there was one thing he was not surprised about was that the mother took care of him and nursed is wounds. He knew she would do this for she did this to himself so why should his caring mother refuse to help this stranger?He was simply surprised about the facial expression of care, love, empathy and uneasiness which he had only seen directed at him. Then Mat realized what death really is by seeing his mother's genuine care and love for a complete stranger. He also under stood that this stranger would have been dead had it not been for his mother. When Mat then moved closer to his mother and uncovered her facial expression usually only directed at him: that passionate, careful ND worried look he has an epiphany in which he sees the world through the eyes of an adult for the first time.This is a milestone is his life (and life in general) and of course at his age he can only be shocked. For all of his short life Mat thought that the world was revolving around him and his mother only but after seeing how his mother reacted to this man's condition he realized that this man could have died and never returned like the many people buried at the graveyard. He then truly understood what dying means. This might also be the reason why â€Å"she would begin to matter to him a great deal in a dozen of years, ND after that she would matter to him all his life â€Å".First she did not matter to him she could have been a boy for all he cared but he ended up marr ying her maybe because he realized that life does not Just revolve about him and his mother. Through the pain he learned of he also learned about love, care and compassion which he later would share with his wife and grandson and as long as Mat would be happy there would always be a loss† He learned it all his life†. That is the law of equivalent exchange in which we and our universe live by.

Greatest Good for the Greatest Number

Michael Sandel lectures on justice throughout two episodes. Episode 1 Part one â€Å"The Moral Side of the Murder† has three cases that demonstrate how to recognize moral selflessness and cope with consequences. These cases also show us how they move us to act and the opportunities that exist from those actions. The moral rightness of these cases can maximize consequentiality moral reasoning and can also locate morality in certain duties and rights which is categorical reasoning. In the first case driving the trolley and killing one worker rather than five is not considered an act of murder according to students from Sandels discussions.The majority expressed consequentialist moral reasoning. As an onlooker on a bridge looking at the trolley, some students would not push a fat man over the bridge to save the five workers, they said that the act would be committing murder; therefore the consequences are complex and categorical. When asked about a surgeon removing five organs fr om one healthy individual to save the lives of five other individuals, the majority of the students did not agree to be morally correct. In this example the greatest number was compromised because of moral reasoning.Episode 1 Part two, â€Å"The Case for Cannibalism† is a real life story that asks the question if the four survivors of the Mignonette ship were morally justified. Brooks, Dudley, Stevens and Parker had been on a life boat for 19 days. Parker’s decision to drink the salt water put him in a vulnerable position that ended his life by cannibalism to save the rest. By day twenty-four, Brooks, Dudley and Stevens were rescued and arrested. The majority of the students agreed to try them while the minority asked the question to what degree of necessity would exonerate them.It was discussed if the three survivors would benefit the community or be a danger to society for being cannibalistic. The key point by Sandel and the students was that adding consent would mak e a difference in the trial. Kantian ethics was preferred instead of Bentham’s utilitarianism theory. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill have different proposals on utilitarianism. â€Å"Jeremy Bentham identified good consequences with pleasure, which is measured in terms of intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, fecundity, purity, and extent.John Stuart Mill argued that pleasures differ in quality as well as quantity and that the highest good involves the highest quality as well as quantity of pleasure. † There is no agreement on which theories count as consequentiality under this definition therefore skepticism will always exist. Episode 2 Part One â€Å"Putting a Price Tag on Life† was focused on Bentham’s theory of act-utilitarian. Cost benefit analysis was a huge focus on this topic. This analysis involves placing a dollar value to stand for utility.The first case took place in Czech Republic encouraging the citizens to smoke. The company Phil ip Morris conducted a cost benefit analysis and had the highest gain which included early death from smoking to benefit the government or other people. Decision to smoke was a qualitative risk factor since there was known probabilities. This objection to utilitarianism fails to respect individual and minority rights and is not possible to total a dollar value on human life. Another study that examined placing a dollar value on human life, was done by psychologist Edward Thorndike.He conducted a survey in the 1930’s for the purpose of placing a dollar amount with various scenarios. The choices of living in a farm in Kansas, pulling off a front tooth, cutting off a toe and eating a worm all had a value. The majority favored as the highest pleasure to live in a farm in Kansas. Episode 2 Part Two â€Å"How to Measure Pleasure† discusses the levels of pleasure. The examples of choosing the highest pleasure between Shakespeare, Simpsons or Fear Factor were based on culture a nd education. Students reasoned that Shakespeare voted the highest because this is presented throughout the school years.But if given a choice between Shakespeare, seasons of the Simpsons as the only pleasure for life, majority ruled I favor of Shakespeare for intellect purposes. The Simpsons for entertaining purposes were voted second and Fear Factor last. To test the highest pleasure, people would have to experience all to pick the very best. John Stuart Mill said that utility is the only standard of morality therefore you must experience both pleasures. The similarities between Episode 1 and 2, was that categorical moral reasoning was preferred.Circumstances dictated those whom decided that the greatest good was for the greatest number. In contrast, more utilitarian and consequential moral reasoning emphasis was found in Episode 1 than in episode 2. The moral of the story that philosopher Bentham suggested was that â€Å"Here in life and in death is a man who adhered to the prin cipals of his philosophy. † References http://www. questia. com/read/1E1-utilitar/utilitarianism http://onbiostatistics. blogspot. com/2010/02/cost-benefit-analysis-put-dollar-value. html

Jury of her peers Essay

After the first reading 1. What do the women think happened at the farm? The women thought Mrs. Wright might have murdered her own husband. After the second reading 2. What is the climax of the story (When in the story does the narrative take a turn)? The story’s climax is when there are more evidences compiled at the end (the dead bird, broken cage, abuse, marital oppression) this turns the story to Minnie Foster as a victim and not as a criminal. 3. How well does this story fit the model of the stages of narrative? The story shows all the stages of narrative in correct order (intro, rising action, climax, falling action) except that the conclusion is left for the readers to think. 4. What other things do you notice? The women were not allowed to be jurors but in this story, they outsmarted their husbands/men in collecting evidences that would point to who the victim and who the murderer was. The strongest evidences would be the abuse and loneliness experienced by Mrs. Wright and the irony of how the bird and Mr. Wright were killed in the same way. 5. What questions do you still have? Â  Will the women tell their husbands/men what they saw? Will the women stand up at the trial for the evidences?

Abortion Clinics Should Not be Closed in the U.S.

In 1973, the Supreme Court’s decision made it possible for women to get safe, legal abortions from well-trained medical surgeons, and therefore led to dramatic decreases in pregnancy-related injury and death (abortion). Now there is a new proposal to close abortion clinics. This proposal takes away the privacy rights of American women that are guaranteed by our Constitution. By closing abortion clinics the government is not only taking away women’s rights, but is also punishing those whom want to exercise their right of a pro-choice woman. Plagiarism Detection >Abortion clinics allow thousands of women every year to have abortions. Having the abortion should be woman’s personal choice. By closing these clinics, there will be no providers to perform the operation, so the choice has already been made for them. Closing the clinics will increase the barriers of having an abortion. When there are too many obstacles, the right to make their own choice is taken away fro m them. In 1973 the American Supreme Court ruled that Americans’ right to privacy included: the right of a woman to decide whether to have children, and the right of a woman and her doctor to make that decision without state interference (abortion). The Constitution says we have a right to privacy, so taking away a woman’s chance to make decisions about her own body violates that right.The American Civil Liberties Union defends the Constitution and peoples’ rights.ACLU has protected the rights of abortion for women, and in recent years has argued mayor cases opposing restrictions that deny woman access to reproductive health care (ACLU). Policy 263 states: The ACLU holds that every woman, as a matter of her right to the enjoyment of life, liberty, and privacy, should be free to determine whether and when to bear children.(The American Civil Liberties Union)The closure of abortion clinics will be done with the purpose to reduce the number of abortions. This raise s the question whether this will be an effective method or not. Before 1973 abortions were illegal yet the number of women who sought abortions did not decrease (abortion). Before 1973 many thousands of women died or suffered serious medical problems after attempting to perform their own abortions, or going to untrained doctors who performed cheap abortions with uncivilized methods or in unsanitary conditions (The Abortion Law Homepage.). If clinics are closed, women will still continue to attempt, and succeed, in ending unwanted pregnancies just like before 1973. Women will risk their health and possibly even their lives. By keeping these abortions clinics open it ensures a higher probability that the women who do have abortions will be in a safe, sanitary environment, and therefore injuries will be fewer in number.If clinics are shut, the waiting lists of abortion clinics in other countries will be much longer. Women will have to wait longer to get an abortion, and will be treated later in their pregnancy which is much more dangerous for the pregnant women.Pro-life activists claim that the unborn baby is alive and has feelings when the heart begins beating. But, the heartbeat begins between the eighteenth and twenty-fifth day (Fetus). They also say that women who have abortions are murderers. This problem could be solved by keeping abortion clinics open, because then the woman can be treated before the twenty fifth day when the fetus is not yet a living baby. She will not have to wait because of long waiting lists, but instead will have the abortion as soon as possible with as less psychological pain.If a woman has to travel to another country to have a legal abortion, she will have to pay more money. She will now not only have to pay for the abortion itself, but also the traveling costs and that does not include the psychological costs as well. Not all people can afford these costs. So by keeping clinics open more women will have the chance to exercise thei r right and have their desired abortion. If a working woman or student suddenly has to leave the country, this means she will have to think of excuses and lies for an explanation. This is not fair to the woman, she should not have to explain herself to anyone, it is her body and therefore she can do what she wants, she does not need other people’s consult.Abortion clinics are not a butcher’s place where young babies are murdered. They provide a choice for women whether or not to bring a child into this world.What is worse: taking away the life of an unborn child that is not even aware of life itself yet, or a mother bringing an unwanted child into this world, knowing that she will not be able to take care of it, and that her child will have to suffer from the poor circumstances in which she lives. As of now the woman has the ability to make that choice and save the child from poor, possibly abusive or hate filled environment. Personally I feel that living in a circumst ance such as abuse is worse than the abortion of the fetus. Rape victims should also be able to have an abortion because they know that if they were to keep the child, they would cringe when she thought about whom contributed to the other half of the child. The offspring will be a painful reminder to the rape victim. She did not choose to take the responsibility of a child and therefore should not have to pay the consequences. A woman who cannot love her child has no right to have a baby in the first place.One option for women who are not able to take care of their baby is adoption. Yet she will have to carry the baby for nine months and then give it up. Not all women are able to do this physically or psychologically. After the pregnancy she will have to hope that their baby will find a good and loving home. And this is not always the case. The child will possibly have to suffer from living in orphanages waiting to get adopted. Adoption can not always be seen as a good solution to u nwanted pregnancies.The advantage of closing abortion clinics could be that woman will be forced to take the responsibility over their baby, and give their unborn child the right to life. But it can not be seen as something entirely positive. The mother will always regard the child as a mistake and will never love it the way she would have if she had wanted to keep the child. Getting an abortion does not always mean that the woman is only thinking of herself, she also thinks on behalf of her baby. Abortion clinics do not make the choice easier, nor do they force the woman into the surgery. People who are against abortion having the choice not to have one. It is not fair to take away the choice of people who do want one.List of works consulted: Â  Abortion. Encarta Encyclopedia 1999. 1999 ed.ACLU. Encarta Encyclopedia 1999. 1999 ed.Fetus. Encarta Encyclopedia 1999. 1999 ed. Plagiarism Detection >The Abortion Law Homepage. Abortion Law Homepage. 24 November 1996. (11 March 2000). htt p://members.aol.com/abtrbng/index.htmThe American Civil Liberties Union. Abortion Clinic Access Law. 1997. (11 March 2000). http://www.aclu.org/library/aaabort.html